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Topic Review
Photocatalytic Methane Reforming
Methane reforming is an important potential technology for solving both environmental and energy problems. This technology is important because methane is counted as a greenhouse gas, but on the other hand, it can be reformed into industrially valuable compounds.
  • 596
  • 15 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes
Photocatalytic nanofiber membranes are nanofiber membranes infused with photocatalytic nanoparticles. The performance of photocatalytic membranes is attributed to the photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radicals produced from reactions with photogenerated electrons and holes introduced by catalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 and ZnO upon light irradiation. Hydroxyl radicals are the most reactive species responsible for most of the unselective photodegradation of unwanted pollutants. 
  • 909
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Desulfurization
Desulfurization of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene, and jet fuel has been a challenging operation and remains critical to the petrochemical industry. The main naturally occurring sulfur-containing organic compounds (SCCs) are sulfides, disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene (Th) and its derivatives (benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), 4-methylbenzothiophene (4-MBT), 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), 3,7-dimethyldibenzothiophene (3,7-DMDBT), and 2,8-dimethyldibenzothiophene (2,8-DMDBT)). The presence of these SCCs in fuels is undesirable since they create problems during refining, namely deactivation of some catalysts and corrosion of equipment. Moreover, sulfur compounds release toxic SOx and cause severe environmental problems: water and air pollution, global warming, ecological instability, as well as the harmful impact on living organisms. Many countries (USA, European Union, Japan, China and so on) have introduced strict standards to limit the content of sulfur in fuels to 10 ppm.
  • 604
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
Various methods, including carbon filtration, ozonation, catalytic membranes, Fenton-like catalysis, sorption, and biodegradation have been employed to eliminate such enduring antibiotic substances. As a result, wastewater accumulates effluents from corporations, clinics, and farmland. Sewage treatment is typically regarded as the preferred method for treating these antibiotics. Photocatalysis has gained a lot of interest as an effective method for eliminating antibiotic contaminants since it is inexpensive, effective, and environmentally benign as it eliminates antibiotics in sunlight and under ambient conditions. The reactions endured by a semiconductor and the potential to absorb photons with energies higher than its energy band gap is called “photocatalytic degradation”.
  • 786
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Photocatalytic Activity of Cobalt-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Nowadays, materials with great potential for environmental protection are being sought. Metal–organic frameworks, in particular those with cobalt species as active sites, have drawn considerable interest due to their excellent properties. With the use of Co-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as photocatalysts in reactions (dye degradation, water oxidation and splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, in addition to the oxidation of organic compounds), even over 90% degradation efficiencies of various dyes (e.g., methylene blue) can be achieved. 
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalysts
Photocatalysts indicates the acceleration of a chemical reaction occurring on the surface of a semiconductor material (the catalyst) caused by the presence of light. Illumination of the catalyst causes the generation of free changes (electrons and holes) that can partecipate to chemical reactions, thus causing (or acceleratin) them. Photocatalysis con be used in hydrogen (H2) production (e.g., via water splitting or photo-reforming of organic substrates), CO2 reduction, pollution mitigation and water or air remediation via oxidation (photodegradation) of pollutants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a “benchmark” photocatalyst, thanks to many favorable characteristics.
  • 5.0K
  • 26 May 2021
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Water Splitting Capabilities
Water could be used as the main source of hydrogen production. By definition, the dissociation of the water molecules into their constituents (hydrogen and oxygen) is known as water splitting. Rapid population growth and ever-increasing energy consumption have resulted in increased environmental pollution and energy demands. Accordingly, studies and research on innovative and efficient ways of wastewater clean-up and exploiting eco-friendly and renewable energy sources such as sunlight have become a necessity. 
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Water Purification
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment have garnered a lot of attention during the past few years. Due to their toxic behavior, which interferes with endocrine functions in both humans and aquatic species, these types of compounds have been recognized as major polluting agents in wastewater effluents. Therefore, the development of efficient and sustainable removal methods for these emerging contaminants is essential. Photocatalytic removal of emerging contaminants using silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)-based photocatalyst is a promising process due to the unique characteristics of this catalyst, such as absorption of a larger fraction of the solar spectrum, wide band gap, non-toxicity, and low cost. The photocatalytic performance of Ag2CO3 has recently been improved through the doping of elements and optimization variation of operational parameters resulting in decreasing the rate of electron–hole pair recombination and an increase in the semiconductor’s excitation state efficiency, which enables the degradation of contaminants under UV or visible light exposure. This entry summarized some of the relevant investigations related to Ag2CO3-based photocatalytic materials for EDC removal from water. The inclusion of Ag2CO3-based photocatalytic materials in the water recovery procedure suggests that the creation of a cutting-edge protocol is essential for successfully eliminating EDCs from the ecosystem.
  • 591
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Photocatalysis for Air Purification
Photocatalysis since a long time has been recognized  as a eco-technology to fight air pollution. It is focused  on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) under light on the surface of a photocatalytic material. It could be applied in different manners such as for the purification of industrial polluted air, photoconversion of toxic gas into valuable products, self-cleaning systems, photocatalytic filters, etc. However, it faces some technological issues limiting its wide application in real-world.  
  • 1.2K
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Photoactive Heterostructures
In this study we consider the results on the development and exploration of heterostructured photoactive materials with major attention focused on what are the better ways to form this type of materials and how to explore them correctly. Regardless of what type of heterostructure, metal–semiconductor or semiconductor–semiconductor, is formed, its functionality strongly depends on the quality of heterojunction. In turn, it depends on the selection of the heterostructure components (their chemical and physical properties) and on the proper choice of the synthesis method. Several examples of the different approaches such as in situ and ex situ, bottom-up and top-down, are reviewed. At the same time, even if the synthesis of heterostructured photoactive materials seems to be successful, strong experimental physical evidence demonstrating true heterojunction formation are required. A possibility for obtaining such evidence using different physical techniques is discussed.
  • 598
  • 24 Mar 2021
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