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Topic Review
Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors in COVID-19 Detection Technology
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the infectious agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors have become the most promising diagnostic technology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 due to their advantages of high sensitivity, fast-detection speed, label-free operation, and low detection limit.
  • 341
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Valuable Compounds from Fermented Residues
Significant amounts of fermented food waste are generated worldwide, promoting an abundance of residual biomass that can be used as raw material to extract bioactive peptides, fermentable sugars, polyphenols, and valuable compounds for synthesizing bioproducts. Therefore, generating these high-value-added products reduces the environmental impact caused by waste disposal and increases the industrial economic value of the final products. The fermentation process favors the synthesis of products with high added value. However, the use of fermentation also leads to the production of fermentative residues containing metabolites, extracellular enzymes, and other byproducts generated by microbiological metabolism. 
  • 447
  • 04 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring
With a rising emphasis on public safety and quality of life, there is an urgent need to ensure optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds plays a pivotal role in shaping our sustainable future.
  • 275
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Safe Applications of Aerogels
An increasing number of aerogels as nanostructured highly porous materials are entering the market in every day products, with an attractive portfolio of properties for emerging applications ranging from health care and leisure to electronics, cosmetics, energy, agriculture, food and environmental.
  • 282
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ternary Al–Ni–Er System
Al–Ni–Er is an essential system in heat-resistant Al alloys. The aluminum-rich corner of this system, which has the most practical application significance. The phase equilibria of the Al–Ni–Er system are investigated via experiments and thermodynamic modeling. The isothermal sections of the Al-rich corner of this ternary system at 600 and 700 °C were determined through equilibrated alloys combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
  • 277
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Coatings with Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial coatings are utilized in the surface modification of yarns and materials designed for use in medical and dental applications. Various physical and chemical methods are employed to create these coatings, ensuring the development of efficient, homogeneous, and uniform layers on diverse surfaces and materials. For these coatings to be effective, they must incorporate active compounds that can combat a wide array of microorganisms, including those that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Examples of such active compounds include metallic nanoparticles such as silver, copper, and gold, as well as nanoparticles of metal oxides such as zinc, titanium, and aluminum. Upon the application of these coatings to medical materials, extensive testing and characterization procedures are undertaken, which will be thoroughly detailed in this entry. It is crucial to emphasize that the absence of proper characterization and testing of nanoparticles in antimicrobial coatings could lead to the absence of standards, norms, or procedures necessary to safeguard human health and the environment. Despite their widespread application in the medical field, concerns have been raised regarding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to living organisms.
  • 194
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Green Concrete with Glass Powder
In General, Glass Powder can be compelling and beneficial for both the concrete industry and the environment if implemented properly, which obviously still requires further studies to have the right understanding of this material.
  • 343
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Photoelectrochemical Cells
Artificial photosynthesis is a technology with immense potential that aims to emulate the natural photosynthetic process. The process of natural photosynthesis involves the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which is stored in organic compounds. Catalysis is an essential aspect of artificial photosynthesis, as it facilitates the reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy.
  • 472
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Mn-Based Contrast Agents
MRI contrast agents are required in clinic to detect some pathologies, such as cancers. Nevertheless, at the moment, only small extracellular and non-specific gadolinium complexes are available for the clinicians. Moreover, safety issues have recently appeared concerning the use of gadolinium complexes, so that alternatives are urgently needed. Manganese-based MRI contrast agents could be one of these alternatives and more and more studies are available in the literature. This work aims at synthesizing all those researches, to highlight all the efforts already made by the scientific community to obtain highly efficient agents, but also evidence the weaknesses of the developed systems.
  • 142
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nitride Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for UV Nonlinear Optics
Nitride wide-bandgap semiconductors possess a wide tunable energy bandgap and abundant coordination anionic groups. This suggests their potential to display nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength spectrum.
  • 243
  • 02 Nov 2023
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