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Topic Review
Sutures' Structure and Application
With the increasing demand for wound healing around the world, the level of medical equipment is also increasing, but sutures are still the preferred medical equipment for medical personnel to solve wound closures. Compared with the traditional sutures, the nanofiber sutures produced by combining the preparation technology of drug-eluting sutures have greatly improved both mechanical properties and biological properties. Electrospinning technology has attracted more attention as one of the most convenient and simple methods for preparing functional nanofibers and the related sutures. Medical sutures refer to special medical threads used in surgery to stop bleeding, which can hold the surrounding tissues of the wound together or squeeze blood vessels to achieve hemostasis. For soft tissues such as skin, muscles, tendons and ligaments, the wound repair device used needs to be highly elastic and flexible. 
  • 537
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Biocomposite Based on Natural Polymers
Biopolymers are materials obtained from renewable resources. Despite the exciting properties of biopolymers, such as biocompatibility and environmental sustainability, they do not present antimicrobial properties (except chitosan). However, this lack of antimicrobial properties can be solved by incorporating or encapsulating antimicrobial agents. Natural polymers possess low stability in aqueous media and limited mechanical strength, which could be improved through cross-linking strategies. Hydrogels are biocompatible materials that can be synthesized from natural polymers, forming a cross-linking material. Alginate, collagen, fibrin, chitosan, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid are some natural polymers used to synthesize hydrogels.
  • 537
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
AIE Material Design Strategy Based on Functional Groups
The common fluorescent conjugated materials present weak or quenching luminescent phenomena in the solid or aggregate state (ACQ), which limits their applications in medicine and biology. Certain materials, named aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent materials, have exhibited strong luminescent properties in the aggregate state, which can overcome the ACQ phenomenon. Due to their intrinsic properties, the AIE materials have been successfully used in biolabeling, where they can not only detect the species of ions and their concentrations in organisms, but can also monitor the organisms’ physiological activity. In addition, these kinds of materials often present non-biological toxicity. Thus, AIE materials have become some of the most popular biofluorescent probe materials and are attracting more and more attention. 
  • 537
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Material Design in Implantable Biosensors
The impressive development in biosensing devices has led to the creation of man-made implantable devices that are temporarily or permanently introduced into the human body, and thus, diminishing the pain and discomfort of the person. Biosensors in the in vivo environment are required to have specific features, including biocompatibility (minimal immune response or biofouling), biodegradability, reliability, high accuracy, and miniaturization (flexible, stretchable, lightweight, and ultra-thin). However, the performance of implantable biosensors is limited by body responses and insufficient power supplies (due to minimized batteries/electronics and data transmission without wires).
  • 537
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Composition and Preparation of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials
Phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively utilized in latent thermal energy storage (TES) and thermal management systems to bridge the gap between thermal energy supply and demand in time and space, which have received unprecedented attention in the past few years. To effectively address the undesirable inherent defects of pristine PCMs such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, supercooling, and corrosion, enormous efforts have been dedicated to developing various advanced microencapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs). 
  • 537
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Spinel Ferrite (MFe2O4) Chemiresistive Based Gas Sensors
Gas-sensing technology has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing concern for environmental safety and human health caused by reactive gases. In particular, spinel ferrite (MFe2O4), a metal oxide semiconductor with a spinel structure, has emerged as a promising material for gas-sensing applications. 
  • 537
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
GlycoCDs
Glycocyclodextrins (glycoCDs) comprise a family of cyclodextrin-based multivalent glycoclusters in which unique 3D displays of glycoepitopes can be achieved. As a consequence of the conformational rigidity and dense functional display of cyclodextrins, and taking advantage of selective chemical functionalization and "click chemistry" schemes, the upper/lower distribution of glycoepitopes and the inward/outward hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance can be precisely tailored and tunned to achieve complex functional properties such as programed self-(dis)assembling or biological recognition processes.
  • 536
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Oxonium Derivatives of nido-Carborane
Recent decades have demonstrated a growing interest in the chemistry of 7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborante anion (nido-carborane) due to the wide possibilities of its application from medicine to catalysis. One of the main approaches to the modification of nido-carborane cluster is the ring-opening reactions of its cyclic oxonium derivatives with various nucleophiles, which opens practically unlimited prospects for the incorporation of nido-carborane into various macro- and biomolecules.
  • 536
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Lipid-Based Nano-Sized Cargos
Bone metastasis has been considered the fatal phase of cancers, which remains incurable and to be a challenge due to the non-availability of the ideal treatment strategy. Unlike bone cancer, bone metastasis involves the spreading of the tumor cells to the bones from different origins. Bone metastasis generally originates from breast and prostate cancers. The possibility of bone metastasis is highly attributable to its physiological milieu susceptible to tumor growth. The treatment of bone-related diseases has multiple complications, including bone breakage, reduced quality of life, spinal cord or nerve compression, and pain. However, anticancer active agents have failed to maintain desired therapeutic concentrations at the target site; hence, uptake of the drug takes place at a non-target site responsible for the toxicity at the cellular level. Interestingly, lipid-based drug delivery systems have become the center of interest for researchers, thanks to their biocompatible and bio-mimetic nature. These systems possess a great potential to improve precise bone targeting without affecting healthy tissues.
  • 536
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Optical Waveguide Layers Fabrication Methods
Several eye-catching techniques have been developed to implement high-quality optical thin films for light-guiding applications. Thin films are the foundation for innovative technologies in various areas, including optical devices, environmental applications, telecommunications devices, and energy storage devices. The morphology and reliability of thin films are critical issues in all applications. Deposition techniques have a major influence on thin-film morphology. Physical and chemical deposition methods can be used to deposit high-quality thin films. A thin film is a thin layer of material with a thickness ranging from a few nm to a few μm. Thin films, like all materials, are classified as amorphous or polycrystalline based on the preparation conditions and the quality of the target material. Glass WGs display highly attractive properties due to the straightforward technology, the low propagation losses, and the flexible index matching to glass fibers. It is highly desirable to have low-loss glasses, reliable and enabling low-cost WG fabrication procedures. An overall requirement is that manufacturing technologies are proficient in high yield, and have guaranteed duplicability within the quantified tolerances, and fundamentally low operating costs.
  • 536
  • 12 Jul 2022
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