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Topic Review
Synthesis of Metabolite of Resveratrol by Beauveria bassiana
Resveratrol is a well-known dietary polyphenol because it has a variety of beneficial biological activities. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is one of the most frequently used microorganisms for the biotransformation of polyphenols. Recently, resvebassianol A (2), a glycosylated metabolite of resveratrol by B. bassiana, was isolated and structurally elucidated. It was demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory activities with no cytotoxicity. Here, we report the first total synthesis of resvebassianol A, 4'-O-β-(4'"-O-methylglucopyranosyl)resveratrol (2), and its regiomer, 3-O-β-(4 -O-methylglucopyranosyl)resveratrol (3). Key reactions include (i) the construction of a stilbene core via a novel Heck reaction of aryl halides and styrenes, and (ii) glycosylation with unnatural methylglucopyranosyl bromide. The glycosylation step was carefully optimized by varying the bases and solvents. Resveratrol metabolites 2 and 3 were obtained at 7.5% and 6.3% of the overall yield, respectively.
  • 673
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
ATT Triplex and DNA
Due to the involvement of DNA:RNA hybrids and triplex helices in many essential functions in cells, this entry’s main aim is to detect benzothiazole based moieties with selective binding or spectroscopic response to these nucleic structures compared to regular (non-hybrid) DNA and RNA duplexes and single-stranded forms.
  • 673
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Doped/Hybrid Carbon Dots
Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel type of carbon-based nanomaterial that has gained considerable attention for their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence, which is attributed to a large number of organic functional groups (amino groups, hydroxyl, ketonic, ester, and carboxyl groups, etc.). In addition, they also demonstrate high stability and electron mobility. The doping of CDs with organic and inorganic atoms and molecules leads to their functionalization to obtain desired physical and chemical properties for biomedical applications. 
  • 673
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
General Aspects of Carbon Dot and Polymer Composites
Carbon dot-based composite materials have been extensively developed for versatile biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, biosensors, and photothermal cancer therapy, owing to their excellent mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, large surface-to-volume ratio, and biocompatibility. For instance, the hydrophobicity and delocalized π-electrons of carbon dots enable insoluble drug loading in carbon composite-based drug delivery carriers. In addition, carbon dot-based materials are suitable for optical and electrochemical biosensor applications owing to their intrinsic properties.
  • 673
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Applications in Endodontics
Bioceramics, with excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility, have been widely used in dentistry, particularly in endodontics. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the most widely used bioceramic in endodontics. Many new bioceramics have been developed, showing good potential for the treatment of endodontic diseases. 
  • 673
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Human Coronaviruses
The ongoing pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (HCoV), has brought the international scientific community before a state of emergency that needs to be addressed with intensive research for the discovery of pharmacological agents with antiviral activity. 
  • 672
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Smart Drug Delivery
Drug delivery systems based on deformable peptides have been widely studied in tumor targeted therapy, for example, proton-driven tumor vaccine composed of deformable peptides for tumor immunotherapy, and an intracellular delivery system of chimeric peptides based on transmembrane peptides for acute liver injury in mice. With the help of software, researchers can take tiny strands of DNA and fold them into complex structures, complete with components such as rotors and hinges that can move and perform tasks, such as drug delivery and cargo handling. A nano-robot based on DNA origami technology can precisely locate tumor tissue and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
  • 672
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Encapsulated Natural Bioactive Compounds in Food Industry
Plants are the most abundant bioresources, providing valuable materials that can be used as additives in polymeric materials, such as lignocellulosic fibers, nano-cellulose, or lignin, as well as plant extracts containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds used in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. Bioactive packaging is developing to additionally provides antibacterial and antioxidant activity with the same goals i.e., extending the shelf life while ensuring safety of the food products. New solutions are designed using natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents such as essential oils, some polysaccharides, natural inorganic nanoparticles (nanoclays, oxides, metals as silver) incorporated/encapsulated into appropriate carriers in order to be used in food packaging. Electrospinning/electrospraying are receiving attention as encapsulation methods due to their cost-effectiveness, versatility and scalability. The electrospun nanofibers and electro–sprayed nanoparticles can preserve the functionality and protect the encapsulated bioactive compounds (BC).
  • 672
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Enzyme Immobilization with Fibrous Membranes
Fibrous membranes offer broad opportunities to deploy immobilized enzymes in new reactor and application designs, including multiphase continuous flow-through reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technology strategy that simplifies the separation of otherwise soluble catalytic proteins from liquid reaction media and imparts stabilization and performance enhancement. Flexible immobilization matrices made from fibers have versatile physical attributes, such as high surface area, light weight, and controllable porosity, which give them membrane-like characteristics, while simultaneously providing good mechanical properties for creating functional filters, sensors, scaffolds, and other interface-active biocatalytic materials.
  • 672
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Poly(lactic acid)'s Biodegradation
The synthesis process for two types of biopolymer: PHAs and PLA. Synthesis of PHAs involves bacteria fermentation and extraction procedure. PLA is chemically synthesised via condensation polymerization of lactic acid (LA).
  • 671
  • 04 Jun 2021
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