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Topic Review
Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Bisphenol A in Foodstuffs
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound utilized to manufacture plastics for Food Contact Materials (FCMs) or resins for the inside of food containers. Since it was recognized as an Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical (EDC), its implications in pathologies, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, immune system alterations, and developmental and mental disorders, have been widely documented. Diet is considered the main source of exposure for humans to BPA. Consequently, continuous monitoring of the levels of BPA in foods is necessary to assess the risk associated with its consumption in one’s diet. 
  • 702
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
SmCo5 Transition Metal Substitution
SmCo5 constitutes one of the strongest classes of permanent magnets, which exhibit magnetocrystalline anisotropy with uniaxial character and enormous energy and possess high Curie temperature. The group of transition metals are sometimes mentioned as the d-block elements due to the fact that d electrons are the external unfilled shells. They are contained within the middle area of the periodic table and are most important for magnetic materials belonging in the fourth period (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), with the exception of Nb, which belongs to the fifth. The electron configuration in is (n−1)d1–10 ns2; however, in some cases in intermetallics, the electrons are distributed in a different manner and subshells or partially filled orbitals may arise. Most common cations have a valence of +2 or +3, but there are some that may provide only one electron forming +1 cations or in some cases higher.
  • 702
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ceramic Nanostructured Coatings
Ceramic nanocoatings are widely used in many applications such as engine valves, boiler parts, automotive body parts, orthopaedic implants, etc., due to their excellent resistance to corrosion, oxidation and wear, as compared to metals, especially in high-temperature applications. They also have excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties.
  • 702
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Functional Polymeric Biomaterials Prepared by RIGC
Functional polymeric biomaterials (FPBMs) represent the most popular usage of natural, synthetic, or hybrid polymeric materials interacting with biological regimes and are used to protect against microbes and regenerate, repair, and treat any type of tissue in the organs, or improve the functions of the human body. FPBMs with bioactive characteristics obtained by radiation-induced graft copolymerisation (RIGC) have been subjected to intensive research and developed into many commercial products. Various studies have reported the development of a variety of radiation-grafted FPBMs.
  • 701
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Analysis of Synthetic Antioxidants in Foodstuffs
The information obtained by the systematic search in ScienceDirect® databases, indicated the predominance of the use of separation chromatography, followed by detection techniques in the development of analytical methods for the detection of phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs. This is because these techniques allow the simultaneous determination of different types of antioxidants, through the separation of these compounds at different stages of a column, thus obtaining different retention times, which are related to the physicochemical characteristics of the antioxidants and their interaction between the stationary and mobile phase. After the separation, the antioxidants are identified and quantified using specific chromatographic detectors, such as ultraviolet–visible, diode array, thermal conductivity, and mass spectroscopy, resulting in a suitable sensitivity and selectivity. However, separation and detection chromatographic, despite being very accurate in the detection of antioxidants, have as their main disadvantage the use of large amounts of organic solvents or inert gases, with elevated purity and, consequently, high cost. Additionally, the use of these techniques requires rigorous steps of extraction and cleanup to prepare the foodstuff samples for analysis, remove interference compounds, and/or preconcentrate the antioxidants to obtain reliable information. Extraction steps can increase the time and costs in the analysis, promote a reduction in the analytical frequency, and generate a great quantity of residues, which goes against a very important principle, taken very seriously today, green chemistry, which orients the reduction or elimination of toxic residues in chemical products and processes, including all cycles of a chemical, in its design, manufacture, use, and final disposal.
  • 701
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Assembly of Protein Cages for Drug Delivery
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used as target delivery vehicles for therapeutic goods; however, compared with inorganic and organic nanomaterials, protein nanomaterials have better biocompatibility and can self-assemble into highly ordered cage-like structures, which are more favorable for applications in targeted drug delivery.
  • 701
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Metal Organic Frameworks Supported on Graphene Oxide
Nanotechnology is one of the most active research fields in materials science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the benefits of having a sizable specific surface area, extremely high porosity, changeable pore size, post-synthesis modification, and extreme thermal stability. Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant research interest due to its similar surface area to MOFs. Furthermore, oxygen-containing groups presented in graphene oxide offer the unique processing and handling advantages of amphiphilicity and dispersion in water. MOF-based GO has attracted attention due to its resemblance to metal ions and organic binding linkers. It has sparked great interest in the past few years due to its distinct characteristics and higher performance compared to MOFs or GO alone. 
  • 701
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Poly Drug Use
Poly drug use or polysubstance use refers to the use of combined psychoactive substances for recreational purposes. In many cases one drug is used as a base or primary drug, with additional drugs to leaven or compensate for the side effects of the primary drug and make the experience more enjoyable with drug synergy effects, or to supplement for primary drug when supply is low.
  • 701
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Ionic Liquids for Metals
The recovery and separation of individual elements, critical materials and valuable metals from complex systems requires complex energy-consuming solutions with many hazardous chemicals used. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as molten salts and future solvents, are endowed with unique features that have already had a promising impact on cutting-edge science and technologies. Functionalized ILs, solid extraction, Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP), and agricultural waste-based IL show great promise for sustainable high-value metal recovery. 
  • 701
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Oxidation Protection of High-Temperature Oxidation-Resistant Coatings
Molybdenum and its alloys, with high melting points, excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature creep resistance, are a vital high-temperature structural material. However, the poor oxidation resistance at high temperatures is a major barrier to their application. 
  • 700
  • 28 Feb 2022
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