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Topic Review
Chemistry and pharmacological study of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae)
Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., popularly known as “pereiro-preto”, is a small tree that is widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, more precisely in the Caatinga. Its wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, due to its excellent quality; in traditional medicine, the extract of its leaves and bark is used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The study made it possible to isolate 15-methoxyaspidospermine and 15-methoxypyrifolidine, corroborating the results of pharmacological assays, which showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, especially at 30 mg kg−1 (p < 0.001). Thus, the species was shown to be a promising source of active substances, with special attention paid to its toxicological potential.
  • 374
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Chemistry of Chalcone and Its Derivatives
Chalcone is a collective group of ketones (flavonoids) that has a three-carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group attached to two aromatic rings. Other chemical names of chalcone include benzyl acetophenone or benzylideneacetophenone. They are produced by certain plant species such as Angelica, Glycyrrhiza, Humulus, and Scutellaria as precursors to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and isoflavonoids and intermediates to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with biologically interesting properties such as pyrazolines, isoxazoles, cyanopyridines and pyrimidines.
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chemistry of Essential Oils
The term essential oil was created in the 16th century and refers to the theory of “Quinta essentia” proposed by the famous German-Swiss alchemist and physician Paracelsus (1493–1541), born by Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim.
  • 498
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Chemistry of Hypecoum Alkaloids
Genus Hypecoum Tourn. ex L. belongs to the poppy family Papaveraceae and comprises about 19 species occurring in Europe, Northern Africa and Asia. Hypecoum species have been widely used in traditional medicine as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedies. The effects are associated with the biologically and pharmacologically active isoquinoline alkaloids in them such as protopines, protoberberines, benzophenanthridines, aporphines, simple isoquinolines, secoberbines, spirobenzylisoquinolines and others. 
  • 178
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Chemogenetics and Optogenetics under General Anesthesia
General anesthesia has been widely utilized since the 1840s, but its underlying neural circuits remain to be completely understood. Chemogenetics and Optogenetics, the two techniques artificially modulate the activity of specific neurons and neural circuits.
  • 514
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Chemometric Tools for Beer Quality and Stability
Achieving beer quality and stability remains the main challenge for the brewing industry. Despite all the technologies available, to obtain a high-quality product, it is important to know and control every step of the beer production process. Since the process has an impact on the quality and stability of the final product, it is important to create mechanisms that help manage and monitor the beer production and aging processes. Multivariate statistical techniques (chemometrics) can be a very useful tool for this purpose, as they facilitate the extraction and interpretation of information from brewing datasets by managing the connections between different types of data with multiple variables. In addition, chemometrics could help to better understand the process and the quality of the product during its shelf life.
  • 303
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Chikungunya Virus
Arboviruses, in general, are a global threat due to their morbidity and mortality, which results in an important social and economic impact. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), one of the most relevant arbovirus currently known, is a re-emergent virus that causes a disease named chikungunya fever, characterized by a severe arthralgia (joint pains) that can persist for several months or years in some individuals. Until now, no vaccine or specific antiviral drug is commercially available. Nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds are found in medications, such as aristeromycin, favipiravir, fluorouracil, 6-azauridine, thioguanine, pyrimethamine, among others. New families of natural and synthetic nitrogen analogous compounds are reported to have significant anti-CHIKV effects. In the present work, we focus on these nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds as an important class with CHIKV antiviral activity.
  • 731
  • 16 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Chinese Alchemy
Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the traditional Chinese understanding of medicine and the body. According to original texts such as the Cantong qi, the body is understood as the focus of cosmological processes summarized in the five agents, or wu xing, the observation and cultivation of which leads the practitioner into greater alignment with the operation of the Tao, the great cosmological principle of everything. Therefore, the traditional view in China is that alchemy focuses mainly on the purification of one's spirit and body in the hopes of gaining immortality through the practice of Qigong and/or consumption and use of various concoctions known as alchemical medicines or elixirs, each of which having different purposes. Pao zhi (Pao chi) cites the pharmacological processing (of Chinese materia medica) as used in the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine, such as honey or wine frying and roasting with toxic metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic. According to J.C. Cooper's Chinese Alchemy: The Taoist Quest for Immortality, Taoism had two distinct parts, the classical Tao Chia, which was mystical and stemmed primarily from Laozi and Zhuangzi, and the more popular Tao Chiao, which was the popular, magical and alchemical side of Taoism. Cooper states that a common viewpoint is that "classical Taoism [Daoism] was the original but was too austere and rarefied for the general populace ... [but] Tao Chiao fulfilled the day-to-day needs of the people."
  • 2.3K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chinese Herb-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Phytonanotechnology
Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potential antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinical treatment, such as wound dressing, topical ointments and anticancer agents. Recently, AgNPs with leaf and root extract ofPanax ginsenghave been successfully synthesized and showed potential antimicrobial activity. Different parts of Chinese herbs, including leaves, stenches, roots, and fruit extract, are widely applied for curing diseases.
  • 776
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Chiral Hydroxamic Acid Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis
Chiral hydroxamic acid (HA) and bis-hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands have made significant contributions to the field of asymmetric synthesis, particularly in the synthesis of natural products. These ligands possess unique molecular structures that allow for exceptional stereochemical control, leading to their widespread use in catalytic systems.
  • 203
  • 19 Dec 2023
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