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Topic Review
Algal Biopolymers
Algae can produce a broad variety of biopolymers. Algae are diverse photosynthetic organisms that can be classified into various groups, including green algae, red algae, and brown algae. Algal biopolymers can be extracted from different parts of algae, such as the cell walls or intracellular compartments.
  • 332
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Application of CZT Detector in Nuclear Detection
CdZnTe (CZT) is a new type of compound semiconductor. Compared to other semiconductor materials, it possesses an ideal bandgap, high density, and high electron mobility, rendering it an excellent room-temperature composite semiconductor material for X-ray and γ-ray detectors. Due to the exceptional performance of CZT material, detectors manufactured using it exhibit high energy resolution, spatial resolution, and detection efficiency. They also have the advantage of operating at room temperature. CZT array detectors, furthermore, demonstrate outstanding spatial detection and three-dimensional imaging capabilities.
  • 211
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Electrochemically Synthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Sensors
Early-stage detection and diagnosis of diseases is essential to the prompt commencement of treatment regimens, curbing the spread of the disease, and improving human health. Thus, the accurate detection of disease biomarkers through the development of robust, sensitive, and selective diagnostic tools has remained cutting-edge scientific research. Due to their merits of being selective, stable, simple, and having a low preparation cost, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are increasingly becoming artificial substitutes for natural receptors in the design of state-of-the-art sensing devices.
  • 163
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Formation and Partitioning Theories of the Mixed Micelle
When two or more surfactants are mixed, the critical micelle concentration and solubilization capability are changed, and a careful selection of the combination promotes the micelle formation and enhances the solubilizing capability. Thus, understanding the mechanism behind the phenomena is essential for controlling the physical properties of the mixed micelle. The interaction parameters β and B that describe the formation of mixed micelles and their partitioning of solutes, respectively, were proposed by Treiner four decades ago. 
  • 267
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption
Biochar is a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. Many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. 
  • 192
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Preparation of Graphene-Based Aerogels Using γ-ray Irradiation Technology
Graphene aerogels (GAs) are of significant interest in the scientific community due to their unique attributes, including a three-dimensional porous structure, exceptional specific surface area, and remarkable chemical stability. Researchers have made notable breakthroughs in aerogel preparation, focusing on aspects like porous structures and chemical stability. 
  • 227
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Gas-Phase Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n-Octane
The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes, whereby hydrogen is removed to form unsaturated compounds, is an important process, particularly in the petrochemical industry. The ODH of lighter alkanes (C3–C6) is well-reported in the literature, and there are several reports on the ODH of n-octane (C8).
  • 231
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
AI-Based Nano-Scale Material Property Prediction for Li-Ion Batteries
The status quo for techniques used in the discovery of new and novel materials to enhance battery technologies has progressed from expensive and time-consuming empirical trial and error methods to the more recent first principles approach of using quantum mechanics (QM), Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics (MD). QM calculations evaluate electron–electron interactions bby solving the complex Schrödinger equation, thereby enabling accurate results for a wide variety of properties. The emergence of ML, deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) has helped alleviate the bottlenecks posed by QM and MD simulations and has made it possible to expand the scope of the search for novel materials in the chemical compound space (CCS) .
  • 243
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Magnetism-Covalent Bonding Interplay
Valence electrons are one of the main players in solid catalysts and in catalytic reactions, since they are involved in several correlated phenomena like chemical bonding, magnetism, chemisorption, and bond activation. This is particularly true in the case of solid catalysts containing d-transition metals, which exhibit a wide range of magnetic phenomena, from paramagnetism to collective behaviour. Indeed, the electrons of the outer d-shells are, on one hand, involved in the formation of bonds within the structure of a catalyst and on its surface, and, on the other, they are accountable for the magnetic properties of the material.
  • 157
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Digital PCR for Single-Cell Analysis
Single-cell analysis provides an overwhelming strategy for revealing cellular heterogeneity and new perspectives for understanding the biological function and disease mechanism. Moreover, it promotes the basic and clinical research in many fields at a single-cell resolution. A digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is an absolute quantitative analysis technology with high sensitivity and precision for DNA/RNA or protein. With the development of microfluidic technology, digital PCR has been used to achieve absolute quantification of single-cell gene expression and single-cell proteins. For single-cell specific-gene or -protein detection, digital PCR has shown great advantages. 
  • 130
  • 23 Feb 2024
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