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Topic Review
Small Schiff Base Molecules
Microorganisms participating in the development of biofilms exhibit heightened resistance to antibiotic treatment, therefore infections involving biofilms have become a problem in recent years as they are more difficult to treat. Consequently, research efforts are directed towards identifying novel molecules that not only possess antimicrobial properties but also demonstrate efficacy against biofilms. While numerous investigations have focused on antimicrobial capabilities of Schiff bases, their potential as antibiofilm agents remains largely unexplored.
  • 116
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the demand for large-scale intelligent sensing systems. The periodic replacement of power sources for ubiquitous sensing systems leads to significant resource waste and environmental pollution. Human staffing costs associated with replacement also increase the economic burden. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provide both an energy harvesting scheme and the possibility of self-powered sensing. Based on contact electrification from different materials, TENGs provide a rich material selection to collect complex and diverse data. As the data collected by TENGs become increasingly numerous and complex, different approaches to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms have been proposed to efficiently process output signals.
  • 164
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Natural and Synthetic Antifouling Flavonoids
Marine biofouling is a major concern for the maritime industry, environment, and human health. Considering that biocides currently used in marine coatings to prevent this phenomenon are toxic to the marine environment, the search for antifoulants with environmentally safe properties is needed. Some natural and synthetic flavonoids have been evaluated over the last few years for their potential to prevent the settlement and/or the growth of marine organisms on submerged structures, thereby preventing marine biofouling.
  • 142
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Functional Materials for Optical Data Storage
In the current data age, the fundamental research related to optical applications has been rapidly developed. Countless new-born materials equipped with distinct optical properties have been widely explored, exhibiting tremendous values in practical applications. The optical data storage technique is one of the most significant topics of the optical applications, which is considered as the prominent solution for conquering the challenge of the explosive increase in mass data, to achieve the long-life, low-energy, and super high-capacity data storage.
  • 87
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Fractions
Lignocellulosic biomass is a raw material used for the production of bio-oils and black liquors. These biomass-derived fractions offer promising paths for the production of valuable chemical products. Various catalytic methods have been investigated for upgrading the biomass-derived fractions. Researchers are interested in the hydrodeoxygenation process (HDO); in this process, the oxygen groups are eliminated by breaking the C-O bonds and water as a product. Crucial factors influencing this optimization include temperature, hydrogen pressure, catalyst selection, and physicochemical attributes of the catalyst itself, such as the surface area, porosity, and acid–base properties. However, the intrinsic nature of lignin requires careful investigation. The chemical structural network of this biopolymer is significantly influenced by factors such as plant species and extraction process. Understanding and accounting for these variables are imperative for tailoring processes that efficiently harness the potential of lignin and its derivatives.
  • 152
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Defects-Induced Voltage Losses of Perovskite Solar Cells
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 26.1% in small-scale devices. However, defects at the bulk, surface, grain boundaries, and interfaces act as non-radiative recombination centers for photogenerated electron-hole pairs, limiting the open-circuit voltage and PCE below the Shockley–Queisser limit. These defect states also induce ion migration towards interfaces and contribute to intrinsic instability in PSCs, reducing the quasi-Fermi level splitting and causing anomalous hysteresis in the device. The influence of defects becomes more prominent in large-area devices, demonstrating much lower PCE than the lab-scale devices. Therefore, commercializing PSCs faces a big challenge in terms of rapid decline in working performance due to these intrinsic structural defects.
  • 178
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
3D-(Bio)printed Hydrogels as Wound Dressings
Wound healing is a physiological process occurring after the onset of a skin lesion aiming to reconstruct the dermal barrier between the external environment and the body. Depending on the nature and duration of the healing process, wounds are classified as acute (e.g., trauma, surgical wounds) and chronic (e.g., diabetic ulcers) wounds. The latter take several months to heal or do not heal (non-healing chronic wounds), are usually prone to microbial infection and represent an important source of morbidity since they affect millions of people worldwide. Typical wound treatments comprise surgical (e.g., debridement, skin grafts/flaps) and non-surgical (e.g., topical formulations, wound dressings) methods. Modern experimental approaches include among others three dimensional (3D)-(bio)printed wound dressings.
  • 195
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Excipients in Pharmaceutical Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM), popularly known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), has been widely applied to the fabrication of prototypes through to functional parts in various manufacturing areas, including the pharmaceutical industry. The term “3D printing” technically refers to a broad collection of additive technologies based on the deposition of materials, like creating objects from the bottom up or layer by layer. Despite the technical differentiation between the terms, “3D printing” has become the common term.
  • 267
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Nanostructured Polysaccharide Materials
Polysaccharide materials and biomaterials gain the focus of intense research owing to their great versatility in chemical structures and modification possibilities, as well as their biocompatibility, degradability, and sustainability features.
  • 102
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Deep Eutectic Systems as Alternative Solvents
Chemists in the medicinal chemistry field are constantly searching for alternatives towards more sustainable and eco-friendly processes for the design and synthesis of drug candidates. The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most polluting industries, having a high E-factor, which is driving the adoption of more sustainable processes not only for new drug candidates, but also in the production of well-established active pharmaceutical ingredients. Deep eutectic systems (DESs) have emerged as a greener alternative to ionic liquids, and their potential to substitute traditional organic solvents in drug discovery has raised interest among scientists. 
  • 312
  • 28 Feb 2024
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