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Topic Review
Mesoporous Silica-Based Hybrid Materials
Hybrid organic-inorganic catalysts have been extensively investigated by several research groups in the last decades, as they allow combining the structural robust-ness of inorganic solids with the versatility of organic chemistry. Within the field of hybrid catalysts, synthetic strategies based on silica are among the most exploitable, due to the convenience of sol-gel chemistry, to the array of silylderivative precursors that can be synthesized and to the number of post-synthetic functionalization strategies available, amongst others. Exemplificative studies involving mono- and multi-functional silica-based hybrid catalysts featuring different types of active sites (acid, base, redox) have been studied. Materials obtained through different approaches are described and their properties, as well as their catalytic performances, are compared in the literature.
  • 620
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Fugitive Dust
Fugitive dust is a serious threat to unpaved road users from a safety and health point of view. Dust suppressing materials or dust suppressants are often employed to lower the fugitive dust. Currently, many dust suppressants are commercially available and are being developed for various applications. 
  • 620
  • 09 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Low-Dimensional Photocatalysts for CO2 Conversion
The ongoing energy crisis and global warming caused by the massive usage of fossil fuels and emission of CO2 into atmosphere continue to motivate researchers to investigate possible solutions. The conversion of CO2 into value-added solar fuels by photocatalysts has been suggested as an intriguing solution to simultaneously mitigate global warming and provide a source of energy in an environmentally friendly manner. There has been considerable effort for nearly four decades investigating the performance of CO2 conversion by photocatalysts, much of which has focused on structure or materials modification. In particular, the application of low-dimensional structures for photocatalysts is a promising pathway. Depending on the materials and fabrication methods, low-dimensional nanomaterials can be formed in zero dimensional structures such as quantum dots, one-dimensional structures such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanorods, and two-dimensional structures such as nanosheets and thin films. These nanostructures increase the effective surface area and possess unique electrical and optical properties, including the quantum confinement effect in semiconductors or the localized surface plasmon resonance effect in noble metals at the nanoscale. 
  • 620
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Potential of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
While conventional dental implants focus on mechanical properties, recent advances in functional carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) accelerated the facilitation of functionalities including osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osseointegration. The surface functionalization with CNMs in dental implants has emerged as a novel strategy for reinforcement and as a bioactive cue due to their potential for mechanical reinforcing, osseointegration, and antimicrobial properties. Numerous developments in the fabrication and biological studies of CNMs have provided various opportunities to expand their application to dental regeneration and restoration. In this review, we discuss the advances in novel dental implants with CNMs in terms of tissue engineering, including material combination, coating strategies, and biofunctionalities. We present a brief overview of recent findings and progression in the research to show the promising aspect of CNMs for dental implant application. In conclusion, it is shown that further development of surface functionalization with CNMs may provide innovative results with clinical potential for improved osseointegration after implantation. 
  • 620
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nanoscience Delivery Systems Used in Nutricosmetic Sector
Nutricosmetics is a new cosmetics sector that uses an integrated “In and Out” approach. Cosmetic products together with food supplements such as micronutrients (minerals, vitamins), macronutrients (peptides, essential fatty acids), and botanicals (herbal and fruit extracts)  are employed to nourish the skin and reduce skin aging.  Biopolymeric nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and colloids are delivery systems applied to improve the bioactive components’ performance in food supplements and cosmetics. The toxicity of nano-sized delivery systems is unclear despite food supplements and cosmetic industries using them. 
  • 620
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers for Antibacterial Applications
Synthetic biodegradable polymers are considered biocompatible and highly safe and have found numerous applications in the biomedical field. Due to the degradable nature of polymer implants, they can be removed at the end of the functional life of the implant without surgical intervention. In tissue engineering, synthetic biodegradable polymers usually provide suitable mechanical properties and facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation, making it an excellent material for scaffolds. Synthetic polymers have the advantage of being easy to process and mold, so there are more possibilities in terms of usage properties. Synthetic biodegradable polymers usually have no inherent antimicrobial ability. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of synthetic polymers can be effectively improved by mixing with antimicrobial substances. 
  • 620
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Glass–fibre–reinforced Polymer
Wind barrier structures are usually installed on railway bridges to reduce wind effects on travelling trains for safety considerations. This however adversely transfers wind loads and causes associated aerodynamic effects to the bridge. An innovative concept of wind barriers using glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites is proposed in this work with experimental investigations and numerical modelling. This work provides a solution to mitigate the wind and associated aerodynamic loads. With an appropriate design of bending stiffness, the proposed barriers may deform adaptively in strong wind scenarios and let the wind to pass through their deformed shape and therefore transfer less load to the bridge. Wind-tunnel experiments and numerical studies are conducted on the aerodynamic responses of the train-barrier-bridge system under crosswind with various speeds. The influences of barrier height, air-flow speed and location of the train on the aerodynamic responses of the system were clarified. Both reduced-scale and full-scale finite element models were established for the train-barrier-bridge system and the results were validated with the experimental results to further support the research findings.
  • 619
  • 22 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Cu-Based Catalytic Sites for Methane to Methanol
Direct conversion of methane to methanol is an effective and practical process to improve the efficiency of natural gas utilization. Copper (Cu)-based catalysts have attracted great research attention, due to their unique ability to selectively catalyze the partial oxidation of methane to methanol at relatively low temperatures. Many different catalysts have been studied to achieve a high conversion of methane to methanol, including the Cu-based enzymes, Cu-zeolites, Cu-MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and Cu-oxides.
  • 619
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pyrroloiminoquinones
Pyrroloiminoquinones are a group of cytotoxic alkaloids most commonly isolated from marine sponges. Structurally, they are based on a tricyclic pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline core and encompass marine natural products such as makaluvamines, tsitsikammamines and discorhabdins.
  • 619
  • 22 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings
Different nanostructured coatings and surface finishing, characterized by length range between 1 and 100 nm, may be deposited on the external area of a matrix to implement or enhance the materials efficiency for several applications.The use of polymers combined with nanomaterials or functional nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems finds their main application in the medical sector, in particular in cancer diagnostics and therapy and in traditional oral delivery systems. As a matter of fact, in wastewater treatment the simplest and most efficient methodology to modify the surface properties of filtering membranes, thus improving their retention and regeneration properties, involves the use of membrane coatings based on nanomaterials.
  • 618
  • 27 May 2021
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