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Topic Review
ALK Inhibitor
ALK inhibitors are anti-cancer drugs that act on tumours with variations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) such as an EML4-ALK translocation. They fall under the category of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which work by inhibiting proteins involved in the abnormal growth of tumour cells. All the current approved ALK inhibitors function by binding to the ATP pocket of the abnormal ALK protein, blocking its access to energy and deactivating it. A majority of ALK-rearranged NSCLC harbour the EML4-ALK fusion, although as of 2020, over 92 fusion partners have been discovered in ALK+ NSCLC. For each fusion partner, there can be several fusion variants depending on the position the two genes were fused at, and this may have implications on the response of the tumour and prognosis of the patient.
  • 705
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Types of Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors are mainly divided into three types: electrical double layer (EDL) capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors based on their energy storage mechanisms. 
  • 705
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Date Rape Drug
A date rape drug is any drug that incapacitates another person and renders that person vulnerable to sexual assault, including rape. The substances are associated with date rape because of reported incidents of their use in the context of two people dating, during which the victim is sexually assaulted or raped or suffers other harm. The substances are not exclusively used to perpetrate sexual assault or rape, but are the properties or side-effects of substances normally used for legitimate medical purposes. One of the most common incapacitating agents for date rape is alcohol, administered either surreptitiously or consumed voluntarily, rendering the victim unable to make informed decisions or give consent.
  • 705
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of Ionic Liquids for Metals
The recovery and separation of individual elements, critical materials and valuable metals from complex systems requires complex energy-consuming solutions with many hazardous chemicals used. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as molten salts and future solvents, are endowed with unique features that have already had a promising impact on cutting-edge science and technologies. Functionalized ILs, solid extraction, Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP), and agricultural waste-based IL show great promise for sustainable high-value metal recovery. 
  • 704
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
NLC and SLN Nasal Administration
The nasal route has been used for many years for the local treatment of nasal diseases. More recently, this route has been gaining momentum, due to the possibility of targeting the central nervous system (CNS) from the nasal cavity, avoiding the blood−brain barrier (BBB). In this area, the use of lipid nanoparticles, such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), in nasal formulations has shown promising outcomes on a wide array of indications such as brain diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and gliomas.
  • 704
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Multilingualism in and out of Films and Stereotypes
Films serve to (re-)create a ‘world’ within the mind of the audience. Additionally, they introduce or reinforce stereotypes portrayed as a reality of the modern world through multiplexity and the strategic use of foreign languages, dialects, and non-native language use, among others. Various concepts of stereotypes can be explored in fiction feature films, especially as film characters are often based on different kinds of stereotypes. Audiovisual texts tend to operate as cultural constructs that reflect and convey certain ideologies within an industry that holds the power to marginalize or belittle voices. Multilingual films highlight the contrasts among and within cultures; hence, they can further exacerbate the marginalization and stereotyping of different cultures and nations, ultimately having damaging effects on society’s perception of different stereotypes, such as race and gender groups, which is shown with the examples from a multilingual film. 
  • 703
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
SmCo5 Transition Metal Substitution
SmCo5 constitutes one of the strongest classes of permanent magnets, which exhibit magnetocrystalline anisotropy with uniaxial character and enormous energy and possess high Curie temperature. The group of transition metals are sometimes mentioned as the d-block elements due to the fact that d electrons are the external unfilled shells. They are contained within the middle area of the periodic table and are most important for magnetic materials belonging in the fourth period (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), with the exception of Nb, which belongs to the fifth. The electron configuration in is (n−1)d1–10 ns2; however, in some cases in intermetallics, the electrons are distributed in a different manner and subshells or partially filled orbitals may arise. Most common cations have a valence of +2 or +3, but there are some that may provide only one electron forming +1 cations or in some cases higher.
  • 704
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Collagen Derived from Fish Industry Waste
Fish collagen garnered significant academic and commercial featuring prospective applications in a variety of health-related industries, including food, medicine, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics. Due to its distinct advantages over mammalian-based collagen, including the reduced zoonosis transmission risk, the absence of cultural-religious limitations, the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing process, and its superior bioavailability, the use of collagen derived from fish wastes (i.e., skin, scales) quickly expanded. Moreover, by-products are low cost and the need to minimize fish industry waste’s environmental impact paved the way for the use of discards in the development of collagen-based products with remarkable added value.
  • 703
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for CO2 Capture
The requirement to counter carbon emissions is becoming urgent. Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) have been extensively investigated for storing and separating gases, especially carbon dioxide. ZIFs are the subclass of metal-organic frameworks with analogous topology to inorganic porous zeolites. These are attractive candidates for several applications, including storage and separation of gases, due to their outstanding properties such as high CO2 uptake, large surface area, permanent porosity, high thermal stability, high chemical stability, etc.
  • 703
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials in Cosmetics
Nanomaterials use in cosmetics is markedly enhancing, so their exposure and toxicity are important parameters to consider for their risk assessment.
  • 703
  • 25 Aug 2022
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