Topic Review
Diagnosis of Low Back Pain
Low back pain ranks as the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Although best practice guidelines share a consistent diagnostic approach for the evaluation of patients with low back pain, confusion remains as to what extent patient history and physical examination findings can inform management strategies.
  • 251
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Visually Impaired Persons’ Assistance
The development of new solutions to assist blind people is a major research domain having great potential to enhance the daily lives of such people. These innovative solutions aim to augment the perception of the surrounding environment for the blind and severely visually impaired. 
  • 248
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Potential Therapies for Long COVID-19 Syndrome
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), instigated by the zoonotic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly transformed from an outbreak in Wuhan, China, into a widespread global pandemic. A significant post-infection condition, known as ‘long- COVID-19′ (or simply ‘long- COVID’), emerges in a substantial subset of patients, manifesting with a constellation of over 200 reported symptoms that span multiple organ systems. This condition, also known as ‘post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (PASC), presents a perplexing clinical picture with far-reaching implications, often persisting long after the acute phase.
  • 246
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Just and Fair ICU Triage Process
Triage is a dynamic and complex decision-making process to determine fair access to medical care in mass casualty situations. Triage takes place through healthcare settings including Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Triage governing principles have been subject to ethical debates for a long time specifically with the recent global pandemic of COVID-19. 
  • 244
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
LGBT Persons, COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS
COVID-19 has often been described as the first pandemic in over a century. In fact, there have been others, including the Spanish Flu of 1918–1920, tuberculosis in the late 19th century; polio in the 1950s; SARS in 2002; the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009–2010; and HIV/AIDS, first identified in the early 1980s and continuing as a major public health issue. These previous epidemics and pandemics exist as context for many of those now confronting COVID-19.
  • 244
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chemoprevention for Breast Cancer
Female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. Risk assessment helps to identify women at increased risk of breast cancer, allowing the adoption of a comprehensive approach to reducing breast cancer incidence through personalized interventions, including lifestyle modification, chemoprevention, intensified surveillance with breast imaging, genetic testing, counseling, and prophylactic surgeries. Primary prevention acts on modifiable risk factors to reduce breast cancer occurrence. Chemoprevention with tamoxifen, raloxifene, anastrozole, and exemestane has already shown benefits in decreasing breast cancer incidence in women at an increased risk for breast cancer.
  • 243
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) consist of a single or few layers of graphene sheets or modified graphene including pristine graphene, graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as graphene modified with various functional groups or chemicals (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and polyethylene glycol), which are frequently used in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties.
  • 242
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
BoNT-A Injection for Spinal Cord Injury
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), such as urgency, urinary incontinence, and/or difficulty voiding, hamper the quality of life (QoL) of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). If not managed adequately, urological complications, such as urinary tract infection or renal function deterioration, may further deteriorate the patient’s QoL. Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection within the detrusor muscle or urethral sphincter yields satisfactory therapeutic effects for treating urinary incontinence or facilitating efficient voiding.
  • 242
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Palestinian Citizens of Israel's Compliance with COVID-19 Regulations
With the continuing surge of COVID-19 waves well into 2022, it has become increasingly clear that vaccination alone, which many expected would make the need for behavioral changes redundant, is not sufficient to restrain the spread of the virus and that the adoption of the behavioral changes recommended by public health services worldwide, in particular social distancing and mask wearing, will still be in the future an indispensable part of the strategy to restrict the contagion. 
  • 241
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Health Challenges of Military Personnel and Veterans
Military personnel and veterans meet unique health challenges that stem from the complex interplay of their service experiences, the nature of warfare, and their interactions with both military and civilian healthcare systems.
  • 241
  • 14 Nov 2023
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