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Topic Review
Nutrition Situation in Jordan
Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. The nutrition situation in Jordan is analyzed by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. The double burden of malnutrition in Jordan is acknowledged and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population’s nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.
  • 320
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Health Department Planning Actions for Climate Change
Public health departments are on the frontlines of protecting vulnerable groups and working to eliminate health disparities through prevention interventions, disease surveillance and community education. Exploration of the roles national, state and local health departments (LHDs) play in advancing climate change planning and actions to protect public health is a developing arena of research.
  • 319
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Important Weapons against AMR in Sub Saharan Africa
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global health threats facing humanity, and the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is among the heavily affected regions due to its weak health systems and limited resources. Due to an escalating number of AMR pathogens and the scarcity of new antimicrobials, efforts in the prevention of infections and the search for alternative treatment options are ongoing. The highlighted weapons against AMR include vaccines, education and awareness, infection prevention and control (IPC) using water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), alternative treatment options, the One Health (OH) approach, AMR surveillance, operational national action plans (NAPs) on AMR, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs, and good governance and regulations. Despite not being used at a satisfactory level in SSA, advanced techniques in dealing with AMR in SSA include (i) metagenomics, (ii) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in AMR surveillance to track resistance trends and know when to intervene, and (iii) use of artificial intelligence in AMR prediction based on genomics data. 
  • 319
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis
Halitosis is a term that consists of any unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity, the source of which may be local or systemic. This alteration in mouth odor is the third major cause of the search for oral treatment. Anaerobic bacteria are identified as the main cause of halitosis.
  • 319
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Preparedness Strategies for Changing Climate in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s evolving climate narrative offers a microcosm of the broader challenges facing our global ecosystem. While nations around the world grapple with their unique climate challenges, the Kingdom’s experiences—including its policy shifts, infrastructural innovations, and societal adaptations—provide both a cautionary tale and a roadmap. In particular, its endeavors to retrofit cities, preserve water resources, and promote climate-conscious policies present actionable insights for nations at various junctures of their environmental journeys.
  • 319
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Burden and Immunomodulative Therapeutics of Cardiovascular Diseases
Besides traditional risk factors, accumulated evidence suggested that a high inflammatory burden has emerged as a key characteristic modulating both the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, inclusive of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. To mechanistically elucidate the correlation, signalling pathways downstream to Toll-like receptors, nucleotide oligomerisation domain-like receptors, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor, and corresponding cytokines were raised as central mechanisms exerting the effect of inflammation. Other remarkable adjuvant factors include oxidative stress and secondary ferroptosis. These molecular discoveries have propelled pharmaceutical advancements. Statin was suggested to confer cardiovascular benefits not only by lowering cholesterol levels but also by attenuating inflammation. Colchicine was repurposed as an immunomodulator co-administered with coronary intervention. Novel interleukin-1β and −6 antagonists exhibited promising cardiac benefits in the recent trials as well. Moreover, manipulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolites was addressed to antagonise inflammation-related cardiovascular pathophysiology. The gut-cardio-renal axis was therein established to explain the mutual interrelationship.
  • 318
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Objectivizing Measures of Post-Stroke Hand Rehabilitation through Multi-Disciplinary Scales
There is a wide variety of tools and measures for rehabilitation outcomes in post-stroke patients with impairments in the upper limb and hand, such as paralysis, paresis, flaccidity, and spasticity. However, there is a lack of general recommendations for selecting the most appropriate scales, tests, and instruments to objectively evaluate therapy outcomes. Reviews on upper limb and hand measurements reveal that clinicians’ choices of tools and methods are highly varied. Some clinicians and medical teams continue to employ non-standard and unverified metrics in their research and measurements.
  • 317
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with immense potential in the field of medicine. By leveraging machine learning and deep learning, AI can assist in diagnosis, treatment selection, and patient monitoring, enabling more accurate and efficient healthcare delivery. The widespread implementation of AI in healthcare has the role to revolutionize patients’ outcomes and transform the way healthcare is practiced, leading to improved accessibility, affordability, and quality of care. 
  • 317
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gender Differences in the Diagnosis of Dyslipidemia
Evidence shows that objectives for detecting and controlling dyslipidemia are not being effectively met, and outcomes differ between men and women.
  • 316
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Virtual Reality and Its Influence on Brain Health
Dynamic technological development and its enormous impact on modern societies are posing new challenges for 21st-century neuroscience. A special place is occupied by technologies based on virtual reality (VR). VR tools have already played a significant role in both basic and clinical neuroscience due to their high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and, above all, high ecological value. Being in a digital world affects the functioning of the body as a whole and its individual systems. The data obtained so far, both from experimental and modeling studies, as well as (clinical) observations, indicate their great and promising potential, but apart from the benefits, there are also losses and negative consequences for users.
  • 316
  • 01 Feb 2024
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