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Topic Review
Characteristics and General Classification of Gastric Cancer
Gastric tumors have been divided based on their location—cardiac and distal. The former refers to the small paracardial area, while the latter refers to the rest of it. The most popular classification in terms of histology is the Laurén classification, which distinguishes between two types of gastric cancer (GC)—intestinal and diffuse. The first GC subtype is often associated with Helicobacter Pylori and lifestyle, which includes a high intake of table salt and alcohol, a low supply of fruits and vegetables, or smoking. It is estimated that about 15–20% of tumors do not fall under Laurén’s classification and are, therefore, considered intermediate tumors. Clinically, GC can also be divided according to its early or advanced stage. Early gastric cancers refer to small tumors (2–5 cm) that take the form of invasive carcinoma of the gastric mucosa or submucosa. Detection of lesions at their early stage is associated with relatively good survival.
  • 321
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Dyslexia
Developmental dyslexia is a common complex neurodevelopmental disorder that persists well into adulthood and, thus, could have lifelong detrimental effects. Dyslexia has been defined as “deficient literacy acquisition despite adequate intellectual ability and sufficient educational exposure”.  It can be looked  from latest neuroscientific models.
  • 330
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Epigenetic Aberrations in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that primarily occurs in the upper aerodigestive tract and has an aggressive presentation, with locoregional invasion in the nasopharynx causing necrosis, hemorrhage, and impingement on anatomic structures including the orbits.
  • 289
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Applications in Antimicrobial Resistance
Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly applied in medical research and in healthcare, gradually improving clinical practice. Among various applications of these novel methods, their usage in the combat against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most crucial areas of interest, as increasing resistance to antibiotics and management of difficult-to-treat multidrug-resistant infections are significant challenges for most countries worldwide, with life-threatening consequences. ML methods have been developed to analyze bacterial genomes, forecast medication susceptibility, recognize epidemic patterns for surveillance purposes, or propose new antibacterial treatments or vaccines. In addition to developing new antibiotics, optimizing the use of current drugs has also been a key priority in stopping the spread of AMR, as one of the main drivers of AMR is the inappropriate use of antibiotics.
  • 651
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Liver Metabolism Regulation by Transcriptional Factors and Coactivators
The liver is one of the main organs that contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels by releasing the glucose into circulation when blood glucose levels are low and stores along skeletal muscles excess of glucose as glycogen in postprandial states. In mammals, the liver is the central organ for fatty acid metabolism and a key player in glucose metabolism. The liver acts as a crossroad, which metabolically connects various organs, especially skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues, in the endeavor to maintain the long-term energy supply to the body. The regulation of liver glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism is tightly controlled by dietary, hormonal, and neural signals through the activation of various transcriptional factors and coactivators.
  • 534
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotics in Animal Origin Food
Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances formed by or obtained from microorganisms that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Antibiotics were first approved for use in livestock by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1951. The European Union has forbidden the use of antibiotics as growth promoters since 2006. Its abusive use leads to the presence of antibiotic residues (AR) in foods of animal origin which is associated with antibiotic resistance.
  • 362
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Regulation of Dietary Energy Intake
Obesity is one of the most important factors responsible for the marked increase in both the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in recent decades. Addressing the lifestyle factors associated with the progression to T2DM would present a potential rational early prevention strategy. 
  • 281
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Controlling Upper Limb Prostheses Using Sonomyography
A ground-breaking study by Zheng et al. investigated whether ultrasound imaging of the forearm might be used to control a powered prosthesis, and the term “sonomyography” (SMG) was coined by the group. Ultrasound signals have recently garnered the interest of researchers in the area of HMIs because they can collect information from both superficial and deep muscles and so provide more comprehensive information than other techniques. Due to the great spatiotemporal resolution and specificity of ultrasound measurements of muscle deformation, researchers have been able to infer fine volitional motor activities, such as finger motions and the dexterous control of robotic hands.
  • 333
  • 27 Feb 2023
Biography
Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma
Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma is an Indian endocrinologist and the founder of Superspeciality Endocrinology & Women cAre centre (SEWA), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. He pursued his MBBS from M. S. Ramaiah Medical College (MSRMC), Bangalore in 1999 thereafter completed his MD (General Medicine) from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health S
  • 443
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Psychometric Properties of Suboptimal Health Status Instruments
Suboptimal health status (SHS) measurement has now been recognized as an essential construct in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Currently, there are limited tools, and an ongoing debate about appropriate tools.
  • 250
  • 27 Feb 2023
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