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Topic Review
Intelligent Physical Exercise Training
The background for this research concerns a high frequency of work-related disorders that may result from physical exposure at work being highly sedentary, repetitive–monotonous, or physically demanding. This may result in levels of physical inactivity or strenuous activity impairing health.
  • 410
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Environmental Pollution and the Risk of Metabolic Disorders
Metabolic disorders are a spectrum of diseases that affect normal metabolic functioning and regulation. More than 500 metabolic disorders exist, two of the most common being diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity is a multifactorial disorder involving the interaction of genetics, lifestyle and environment. It results in excessive adipose tissue deposition and is defined by a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. In addition, obesity is the leading cause of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by an elevated blood glucose level, a chronic hyperglycemic state caused by a combination of pancreatic β-cell loss through apoptosis and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle. By contrast, type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune attack upon pancreatic β-cells, causing an almost complete loss of insulin production and secretion. Whilst a genetic predisposition can underlie the onset of type 1 diabetes, with particular loci of interest having been identified, environmental factors may also contribute. Well-established risk factors for type 2 diabetes and obesity are a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, insulin resistance, environmental factors and genetics.
  • 340
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Noncommunicable Diseases
Sleep is extremely important for the homeostasis of the organism. In recent years, various studies have been carried out to address factors related to sleep patterns and their influence on food choices, as well as on the onset of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
  • 318
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electrical Stimulation Exercise for People with SCI
Electrical stimulation exercise has become an important modality to help improve the mobility and health of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Electrical stimulation is used to stimulate peripheral nerves in the extremities to assist with muscle strengthening or functional activities such as cycling, rowing, and walking. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves in the upper extremities has become a valuable tool for predicting the risk of hand deformities and rehabilitating functional grasping activities.
  • 415
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Aided Neuroimaging for Brain Monitoring
Deep learning has shown tremendous potential in the field of neuroimaging and brain regulation. Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, CT, PET/CT, EEG/MEG, optical imaging, and other imaging modalities generate large amounts of comprehensive and complex data, which can be challenging to analyze and interpret. Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and generative adversarial network (GAN) have been proven to be effective in extracting meaningful information from these data and transforming the neuroimaging from qualitative to quantitative imaging modality. The aforementioned information is merged with additional patient data and processed using advanced bioinformatics software to create models that could potentially enhance the accuracy in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction for brain monitoring and regulation.
  • 463
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Marine Cyanobacterial Peptides in Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric patients, originating from sympathetic nervous system cells. Metastasis can be observed in approximately 70% of individuals after diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. The current care methods used, which include surgical removal as well as radio and chemotherapy, are largely unsuccessful, with high mortality and relapse rates. Marine cyanobacteria are a key source of physiologically active metabolites, which have recently received attention owing to their anticancer potential. Marine peptides possess several advantages over proteins or antibodies, including small size, simple manufacturing, cell membrane crossing capabilities, minimal drug–drug interactions, minimal changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, selective targeting, chemical and biological diversities, and effects on liver and kidney functions.
  • 392
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
MicroRNAs’ Role in the Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is most commonly seen in patients over 55 years of age and often results in a loss of many productive years. SAH has a high mortality rate, and survivors often suffer from early and secondary brain injuries. Understanding the pathophysiology of the SAH is crucial in identifying potential therapeutic agents. One promising target for the diagnosis and prognosis of SAH is circulating microRNAs, which regulate gene expression and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes.
  • 239
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Screening
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of study that attempts to replicate natural human intelligence in machines. The machines can then independently perform activities that would otherwise require human intelligence. AI can be broken down into several subsets, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). Primary care has the potential to be transformed by artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML). Healthcare professionals can identify diseases at an early and curable stage by using ML models to examine medical pictures, diagnostic modalities, and spot patterns that may suggest disease or anomalies. Before the onset of symptoms, ML can be used to identify people at an increased risk of developing specific disorders or diseases. ML algorithms can assess patient data such as medical history, genetics, and lifestyle factors to identify those at higher risk. This enables targeted interventions such as lifestyle adjustments or early screening. 
  • 259
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Unsilencing the Echoes of Historical Trauma
Indigenous communities in North America have distinct colonial histories with their own story of how their ancestors were able to survive the mass effort to take their land, resources, language, culture, and sometimes even their lives. These stories have been passed down orally and through the DNA of the descendants of survivors via epigenetics. The Historical Loss Scale (HLS) and Historical Loss Associated Symptoms Scale (HLASS) are two validated scales that measure historical trauma among Native Americans.
  • 273
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Association between Music and Language in Children
Music and language are two complex systems that specifically characterize the human communication toolkit.
  • 256
  • 05 Jun 2023
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