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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is most commonly seen in patients over 55 years of age and often results in a loss of many productive years. SAH has a high mortality rate, and survivors often suffer from early and secondary brain injuries. Understanding the pathophysiology of the SAH is crucial in identifying potential therapeutic agents. One promising target for the diagnosis and prognosis of SAH is circulating microRNAs, which regulate gene expression and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes.
First Author | Year | miRNA(s) Evaluated | Subjects Evaluated | Specimen Evaluated | Main Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Su XW | 2015 | miR-132-3p, miR-324-3p | Human | CSF | Circulating miR-132-3p and miR-324-3p may be potential biomarkers for acute aneurysmal SAH. |
Wang WH | 2016 | miR-29a | Human | Blood | miR-29a may be a potential biomarker in the development of intracranial aneurysm. |
Zaccagnini G | 2017 | miR-210 | Mouse | Ischemic tissue | Overexpression and significance in ischemic tissue damage. |
Sheng B | 2018 | miR-1297 | Human | Serum | Early serum miR-1297 is an indicator of poor neurological outcome in patients with aSAH. |
Sheng B | 2018 | miR-502-5p | Human | Serum | Persistent high levels of miR-502-5p are associated with poor neurologic outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
Feng X | 2018 | miR-143, miR-145 | Human | Serum | Lower miR-143/145 levels and higher MMP-9 levels may be associated with intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture. |
Li | 2018 | miR-24 | Rat | Brain tissue | Upregulation of miR-24 expression led to vasospasm by suppressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression after SAH. |
Yu S | 2018 | miR-22 | Rat | Brain tissue | Neuroprotective effects in regulating inflammation and apoptosis. |
Yang X | 2019 | miR-155 | Human | Blood | A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of miR-155 predicts the risk of intracranial hemorrhage caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm. |
Zhao | 2019 | miR-206 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | HucMSCs-derived miR-206-knockdown exosomes targeted BDNF, contributing to neuroprotection after SAH. |
Wang S | 2019 | miR-140-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Attenuated neuroinflammation and brain injury by targeting TLR4. |
Geng W | 2019 | miRNA-126 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Exosomes from miRNA-126-modified ADSCs promote functional recovery after stroke in rats by improving neurogenesis and suppressing microglia activation. |
Yang F | 2020 | miR-126 | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell | miR-126 may be involved in the development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. |
Lai | 2020 | miR-193b-3p | Mouse | Used as a therapeutic target | Systemic exosomal delivery of miR-193b-3p attenuated neuroinflammation and improved neurological function after SAH. |
Chen | 2020 | miR-124 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis promoted exosomal delivery of miR-124 from neuron to microglia, attenuating early brain injury after SAH. |
Xiong L | 2020 | miRNA-129-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can alleviate early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage through miRNA129-5p-HMGB1 pathway. |
Gao X | 2020 | miRNA-21-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of miR-21-5p from mesenchymal stromal cells to neurons alleviates early brain injury to improve cognitive function via the PTEN/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
Wang | 2021 | miR-103-3p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Inhibition of miR-103-3p preserved neurovascular integrity by upregulating caveolin-1 expression after SAH. |
Deng | 2021 | miR-24 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | miR-24 regulated inflammation and neurofunction by targeting HMOX1 expression in rats with cerebral vasospasm after SAH. |
Liu Z | 2021 | miRNA-26b-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | MiR-26b-5p-modified hUB-MSCs-derived exosomes attenuate early brain injury during subarachnoid hemorrhage via MAT2A-mediated p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway. |
Cai L | 2021 | circARF3 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Up-regulation of circARF3 reduces blood-brain barrier damage in rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model via miR-31-5p/MyD88/NF-κB axis. |
Ru X | 2021 | miRNA-706 | Mouse | Used as a therapeutic target | MiR-706 alleviates white matter injury via downregulating PKCα/MST1/NF-κB pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. |
Lu | 2022 | miR-452-3p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | miR-452-3p inhibited HDAC3 expression, leading to activation of NF-κB signaling and exacerbation of early brain injury after SAH. |
Qian Y | 2022 | miR-140-5p | Mouse | Used as a therapeutic target | Alleviated M1 microglial activation in brain injury via miR-140-5p delivery. |
Wang P | 2022 | miRNA-140-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Exosome-encapsulated microRNA-140-5p alleviates neuronal injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage by regulating IGFBP5-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. |
Cheng M | 2022 | miRNA-83-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate neurological deficit and endothelial cell dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage via the KLF3-AS1/miR-83-5p/TCF7L2 axis. |
Zhou X | 2022 | miRNA-499-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Suppression of MALAT1 alleviates neurocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production through the miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis in subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
Luo | 2023 | miR-340 | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | HDAC inhibitor SAHA upregulated miR-340 expression, which inhibited NEK7 signaling and attenuated pyroptosis after SAH. |
Wang P | 2023 | miR-140-5p | Rat | Used as a therapeutic target | Attenuated microglia activation and inflammatory response via MMD downregulation. |