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Topic Review
Regulation of EMT Process in Cancer Progression
A biological process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows epithelial cells to change into mesenchymal cells and acquire some cancer stem cell properties. EMT contributes significantly to the metastasis, invasion, and development of treatment resistance in cancer cells. Current research has demonstrated that phytochemicals are emerging as a potential source of safe and efficient anti-cancer medications. Phytochemicals could disrupt signaling pathways related to malignant cell metastasis and drug resistance by suppressing or reversing the EMT process.
  • 332
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Vision-Based Methods for Food and Fluid Intake Monitoring
Food and fluid intake monitoring are essential for reducing the risk of dehydration, malnutrition, and obesity. The existing research has been preponderantly focused on dietary monitoring, while fluid intake monitoring, on the other hand, is often neglected. Food and fluid intake monitoring can be based on wearable sensors, environmental sensors, smart containers, and the collaborative use of multiple sensors. Vision-based intake monitoring methods have been widely exploited with the development of visual devices and computer vision algorithms. Vision-based methods provide non-intrusive solutions for monitoring. They have shown promising performance in food/beverage recognition and segmentation, human intake action detection and classification, and food volume/fluid amount estimation. However, occlusion, privacy, computational efficiency, and practicality pose significant challenges.
  • 341
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Exercise on Oxidative Stress after Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an irreversible disease resulting in partial or total loss of sensory and motor function. The pathophysiology of SCI is characterized by an initial primary injury phase followed by a secondary phase in which reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and associated oxidative stress play hallmark roles. Physical exercise is an indispensable means of promoting psychophysical well-being and improving quality of life. It positively influences the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Moreover, exercise may provide a mechanism to regulate the variation and equilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. 
  • 202
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition Situation in Jordan
Jordan is witnessing an escalating pace of nutrition transition, which may be associated with an increased burden of malnutrition and related non-communicable diseases. The nutrition situation in Jordan is analyzed by exploring specific nutrition indicators, namely infant and young child feeding, low birthweight, micronutrient deficiencies, anthropometric indicators, and food consumption patterns. Results showed that although most children were ever breastfed and early initiation of breastfeeding had a two-fold increasing trend, rates of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding until two years of age were low. Complementary feeding indicators, particularly minimum diet diversity and minimum acceptable diet standards, were suboptimal. An overall low burden of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years and remarkable progress in optimizing iodine status among school-aged children were reported. Conversely, the burden of low birthweight and overweight/obesity exacerbated, coexisting with anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Overall, fruit and vegetable consumption were inadequate. The consumption of soft drinks and salt on the other hand was higher than recommended. The double burden of malnutrition in Jordan is acknowledged and recommends the prioritization and evaluation of interventions towards improving the population’s nutritional status and achieving nutrition targets.
  • 224
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Highly Occupied Public Environments
A minimum of 30 m3/h per person is required in common environments. Highly occupied public environments gather a large number of people in some time periods, and an air supply of 20–30 m3/h per person is needed. In addition, the highly occupied public environments have larger spaces, the personnel activities are more complex, and the social distance is shorter. Personnel activities may increase the pollutant transmission distance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public safety in crowded places became a great concern.
  • 309
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Radial Artery Occlusion
The thrombotic occlusion of the radial artery has emerged as the most common complication of transradial coronary access, impeding its use in future interventions, and in the creation of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis patients, or as a graft for coronary artery bypass grafting. In this entry, the researchers delve into the anatomy of the radial artery, the pathophysiology, and diagnosis of radial artery occlusion, the identification of potential risk factors, and finally prevention and treatment strategies. It is acknowledged that distal transradial access provides an effective alternative for coronary angiography and catheterization, with a reduced incidence of radial artery occlusion.
  • 537
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Application of AI and Smart Sensing in Healthcare
Health monitoring is crucial in hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Challenges can affect the reliability and accuracy of health data. Human error, patient compliance concerns, time, money, technology, and environmental factors might cause these issues. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) heralds a new era in healthcare. AI’s ability to rapidly and accurately analyze vast amounts of data aids in precision decision-making, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
  • 300
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Healthcare Workers’ Moral Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) did not have the opportunity to provide high-quality and standard healthcare services. Research conducted during the pandemic has revealed widespread mental health problems among HCWs. Moral distress was noted as one of the critical issues that limited the performance of HCWs in providing quality care.
  • 228
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Febrile Diseases with Fuzzy Cognitive Map
Febrile diseases are fever-based diseases with similar and overlapping symptoms that are often confusable and difficult to differentiate. They are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and evaporation contribute immensely to promoting the spread. The fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) model to serve as a decision-support tool for medical health workers in the diagnosis of febrile diseases. 
  • 229
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Imaging Modalities for Dental Disease Diagnosis
Dental radiography (X-ray) is the most used imaging modality by dentists to identify dental issues such as lesions, periapical pathosis, and dental restorations, and evaluate oral health.
  • 396
  • 11 Jul 2023
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