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Topic Review
COVID-19 Pneumonia and Lung Cancer
Oncological patients are more prone to present severe forms of COVID-19 pneumonia and are subject to worse complications. Radiologists have the challenging role of suggesting a differential diagnosis with lung cancer and treatment-induced lung diseases or suggesting an overlap between these pathologies. Despite similarities or overlapping findings, the combination of clinics and some specific radiological findings, which are also identified by comparison with previous and follow-up CT scans, may guide differential diagnosis.
  • 956
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Lactose Intolerance and Personalized Nutrition
Recent discoveries in the “omics” field and the growing focus on preventive health have opened new avenues for personalized nutrition (PN), which is becoming an important theme in the strategic plans of organizations that are active in healthcare, food, and nutrition research. PN holds great potential for individual health optimization, disease management, public health interventions, and product innovation. However, there are still multiple challenges to overcome before PN can be truly embraced by the public and healthcare stakeholders. The diagnosis and management of lactose intolerance (LI), a common condition with a strong inter-individual component, is explored as an interesting example for the potential role of these technologies and the challenges of PN. From the development of genetic and metabolomic LI diagnostic tests that can be carried out in the home, to advances in the understanding of LI pathology and individualized treatment optimization, PN in LI care has shown substantial progress. However, there are still many research gaps to address, including the understanding of epigenetic regulation of lactase expression and how lactose is metabolized by the gut microbiota, in order to achieve better LI detection and effective therapeutic interventions to reverse the potential health consequences of LI.
  • 956
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Anti-Obesity Effects of Microalgae
Microalgae are prokaryotic or eukaryotic microscopic single-cell organisms, producing a great variety of compounds, such as photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls), sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, polysaccharides, enzymes, peptides, and toxins. In recent years, they have attracted great interest as a major source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. In most pre-clinical studies performed with Euglena gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina platensis, or Nitzschia laevis microalgae, positive anti-obesity effects have been addressed in animals submitted to an obesogenic feeding pattern. However, more research is warranted to determine which bioactive compound(s) are responsible for their anti-obesity effects, as well as to establish the mechanisms underlying those effects.
  • 951
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Iodine Deficiency
Iodine deficiency is a global issue and affects around 2 billion people worldwide, with pregnant women as a high-risk group. Iodine-deficiency prevention began in the 20th century and started with global salt iodination programmes, which aimed to improve the iodine intake status globally.
  • 949
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance
The term “antibiotics” refers to the substances naturally produced by microorganisms such as actinomycetes, bacteria or fungi, which can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and destroy their cells. Antibiotics were once considered the magic bullet for all human infections. The term “antimicrobial resistance” (AMR) is used to describe the ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the adverse effects of an antimicrobial to which they were formerly susceptible.
  • 945
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nutrition-focused QIPs in Cancer Care
Malnutrition in patients with cancer is a ubiquitous but neglected problem that can reduce patient survival/quality of life and increase treatment interruptions, readmission rates, and healthcare costs. Malnutrition interventions, including nutrition support through dietary counseling, diet fortification, oral nutrition supplements (ONS), and enteral and parenteral nutrition can help improve health outcomes. However, nutritional care standards and interventions for cancer are ambiguous and inconsistently applied. The lack of systematic malnutrition screening and intervention in ambulatory cancer care has especially significant consequences and thus the nutrition support of patients with cancer represents an area for quality improvement. United States healthcare payment models such as the Oncology Care Model are linked to quality of care and health outcomes. Quality improvement programs (QIPs) can advance patient-centered care, perfect care processes, and help healthcare professionals meet their quality measure performance goals. Malnutrition QIPs like the Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiative (MQii) have been shown to be effective in identifying and treating malnutrition. However, little is known about or has been reported on nutrition or malnutrition-focused QIPs in cancer care. This paper provides information to support translational research on quality improvement and outlines the gaps and potential opportunities for QIPs in the nutrition support of patients with cancer.
  • 944
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Sting-Related Deaths in Europe (1994–2016)
Bees and wasps provide an important service to ecosystems, contributing to the improvement of biodiversity while helping to maintain ecological balance. Although not frequent, hornet, wasp, and bee stings may be life-threatening. With each sting, Hymenopterans inject a small amount of venom that can cause reactions of varying intensity: (i) normal local reactions (NLR), (ii) large local reactions (LLR), (iii) systemic anaphylactic reactions (SAR), (iv) systemic toxic reactions (STR) and (v) unusual reactions (UR).  Hymenopteran stings have recently become a worldwide public health concern. However, this health problem can be underestimated despite the number of cases presented. With the expansion of non-native Hymenopteran species across Europe, allergists should be aware that their community’s exposures are continually changing.
  • 940
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Coriander Plants and Human Emotions
Coriander or Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum), a member of the Apiaceae family, is a popular herb with versatile applications. The seeds and leaves are widely used for culinary and seasoning. The seeds and fruits are often used for cooking meat. As honey plant, coriander is highly attractive to honeybee workers. Additionally, coriander has been used in many traditional medicines, and its medicinal values has been widely recognized. Coriander extracts have a wide range of biological benefits including neuroprotective, anxiolytic, hypnotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on.
  • 938
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Long-Term Care Insurance Pilot in China
China launched long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot program in 2016, there are great challenges associated with developing a sustainable LTCI system due to limited financial resources and a rapid increase in the aging population. It is needed to evaluate the impact of LTCI policy development from diverse perspectives and using various evaluation methods.
  • 938
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances
The need for adequate good quality sleep to optimally function is well known. Various physical, psychological, biological, and social factors have been investigated to understand their impact on sleep. However, understanding the etiological processes that are involved in causing sleep disturbances (SD) as impacted by stressful phases such as pandemics has not been well studied. Many such etiological and management strategies have surfaced during the “coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The occurrence of these SD in the infected and uninfected individuals poses a need to investigate factors linked to such occurrence during this phase. Some of such factors include stressful practices such as social distancing, masking, vaccines, and medications availability, changes in routines, and lifestyles. As the status of infection improved, a collective term for all the prolonged effects of COVID-19 after the resolution of the primary infection called the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) surfaced. Apart from impacting sleep during the infectious phase, the aftereffects of this virus left an even greater impact during the PCS.
  • 946
  • 05 Sep 2023
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