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Topic Review
Curcumin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric plant. Beyond its common use as a culinary spice in Eastern Asia, curcumin has been proposed as a therapeutic compound due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Thus, its efficacy has been evaluated in various inflammatory-based psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression or autism. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Structural Components of the Neurovascular Unit
Formulated as a group effort of the stroke community, the transforming concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU) depicts the structural and functional relationship between brain cells and the vascular structure. Composed of both neural and vascular elements, the NVU forms the blood–brain barrier that regulates cerebral blood flow to meet the oxygen demand of the brain in normal physiology and maintain brain homeostasis. Conversely, the dysregulation and dysfunction of the NVU is an essential pathological feature that underlies neurological disorders spanning from chronic neurodegeneration to acute cerebrovascular events such as ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Arsenic Induced Neurotoxicity
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant widely distributed in the surrounding environmental compartments. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Mechanism of Action of Carnosine
Carnosine is a natural endogenous molecule that has been extensively studied during the last years due to its promising beneficial effects for human health. It presents multimodal mechanisms of action, being able to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregate activities, among others.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin as a Neurotrophic Factor
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, is a hormone that synchronizes the internal environment with the photoperiod. It is synthesized in the pineal gland and greatly depends on the endogenous circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retina’s exposure to different light intensities. Among its most studied functions are the regulation of the waking-sleep rhythm and body temperature. Furthermore, melatonin has pleiotropic actions, which affect, for instance, the modulation of the immune and the cardiovascular systems, as well as the neuroprotection achieved by scavenging free radicals.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Aducanumab Controversy
Finding treatments and cures for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extremely challenging and progress has been slow with many disappointments. Progress achieved using animals in research has rarely been replicated in humans. An example of the animal-to-human disconnect is the poor performance of amyloid-clearing antibodies in human trials. On June 7, aducanumab, an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, was granted accelerated approval by the FDA despite lack of support from its own Advisory Committee. In my opinion as an Alzheimer's researcher and internal medicine physician, this ill-considered decision is a mistake that will cause major setbacks in AD drug discovery, will harm the AD community and will lead to distrust of future treatments that actually work. This article reflects the opinion of this author alone. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Sensory Neurons
Four sensory systems (vestibular, lateral line, electroreception, auditory) are unique and project exclusively to the brainstem of vertebrates. All sensory neurons depend on a common set of genes (Eya1, Sox2, Neurog1, Neurod1) that project to a dorsal nucleus and an intermediate nucleus, which differentiate into the vestibular ear, lateral line and electroreception in vertebrates. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Rare Genetic Syndromes Associated with Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social and communicative skills, behavioral stereotypes, and sensory abnormalities. Its prevalence is one in 54 children, with the number of identified cases rising annually. Atypical sensory processing is one of the key characteristics of autistic people that can have a cascading influence on higher-level functions, such as language or social inference. Behaviorally, sensory abnormalities can present as hypo- and hyperresponsiveness (or hypo- and hyperreactivity). One of potential reasons for this multidirectional deficit is the high heterogeneity of idiopathic ASD (the form of autism where the biological cause of the disease is not identified). 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Hericium erinaceus in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and no effective treatments are available to treat this disorder. Hericium erinaceus (HE), also known as the monkey’s head mushroom, lion’s mane mushroom, or Yamabushitake, is commonly found in East Asia. It is well-known for its diverse therapeutic activities, including neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, which are attributed to its neurogenesis, antioxidative, and anti-neuroinflammatory functions. Therefore, researchers have been investigating HE as a possible treatment for AD.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Proteomics Landscape of Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia; however, the precise pathophysiology of the disease has not been elucidated yet. Thus, understanding the disease pathology, as well as identification and development of valid biomarkers, are necessary for identifying therapeutic targets and early diagnosis as well as for monitoring disease progression. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics studies on clinical specimens, in-vitro and in-vivo models of AD has greatly aided such efforts.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2021
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