Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Metabolism and Role of Creatine
Creatine is a key player in  energy metabolism of excitable cells. This is an essential outline of its role and procurement by the organism, adapted by the author (Balestrino M, University of Genoa, Italy) from his Open Access paper  Role of Creatine in the Heart: Health and Disease, that was published in Nutrients, 2021; 13(4):1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041215.
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia
Botulinum neurotoxin injection is effective and safe, with few side effects in most cases when properly administered by an experienced clinician. The diagnosis and treatment of oromandibular dystonia require both neurological and dental or oral surgical knowledge and skills, and well-designed multicenter trials with a multidisciplinary team approach must be necessary to ensure accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. 
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Different Definitions of Dyslexia
Defining dyslexia has still not reached a consensus. This uncertainty may explain why only one of the seven definitions proved satisfactory according to the four-level model. Today, dyslexia is a term that is commonly known and denotes an innate disposition leading to reading and/or writing difficulties. Medicine, linguistics, psychology, pedagogics, social sciences have been involved in assessing dyslexia from different angles.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Dissociation (Neuropsychology)
In neuropsychology, dissociation involves identifying the neural substrate of a particular brain function through identification of case studies, neuroimaging, or neuropsychological testing.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cholinergic Receptors
Cholinergic receptors are activated by acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is released by the motor neurons for sensory and motor processing.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Myrica esculenta
Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) is a popular medicinal plant most commonly found in the sub-tropical Himalayas. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat several ailments such as asthma, cough, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, inflammation, anemia, fever, diarrhea, and ear, nose, and throat disorders. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological and therapeutic effects, it is well recognized in the ayurvedic pharmacopeia.
  • 1.5K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the neurodegenerative disease process itself. The immune and nervous systems use the same mediators, receptors, and cells to regulate the immune and nervous systems as well as neuro-immune interactions. In various neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral inflammatory mediators and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery cause exacerbation to current injury in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in fact, other than cells of the CNS, the peripheral immune cells also possess a cholinergic system. 
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Electrodiffusion in Neuroscience and NPP-Equations
There are two main processes governing the ionic transport, i.e., diffusion—the particle motion caused by a gradient of concentration, and migration—motion of ions caused by a gradient of electrical potential. These two processes are referred to as electrodiffusion. Electrodiffusion of electrolytes serves as a mean for communication in the nervous system. It can directly affect the excitatory transmission in the synaptic cleft. Electrodiffusion maintains the local ions concentration in brain extracellular spaces at heathy levels but may be also involved in the propagation of epileptic seizures during pathological conditions. The accurate interpretation of physiological observations requires better understanding of the underlying electrodiffusion phenomena.The description of electrodiffusion is very often performed using the Nernst–Planck–Poisson (NPP) model. It has been acknowledged that the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ion concentrations in thin dendrites and dendritic spines of nerve cells follow the Nernst–Planck equation, and sub-membrane currents in neuronal membrane have already been successfully described using the NPP model.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Role of NF-kB in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with a high prevalence that is expected to double every 20 years. Besides the formation of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation is one the major phenotypes that worsens AD progression. Indeed, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a well-established inflammatory transcription factor that fuels neurodegeneration.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Neuropsychology of Emotion and Emotion-Regulation
In classic neuropsychological terms, emotion regulation is a higher cortical function that depends on the concerted work of widespread cortical, subcortical, and deep subcortical brain areas. This suggests that we should not only consider the historically relevant question of hemispheric laterality, but also the contribution of specific cognitive skills and brain regions. Thus far, there is emerging evidence to support the link between particular emotion-regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal and suppression) and well-known basic neuropsychological processes (e.g., inhibition and verbal fluency).
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Sep 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 107
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback