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Topic Review
Chronic Care Management
Chronic care management encompasses the oversight and education activities conducted by health care professionals to help patients with chronic diseases and health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, lupus, multiple sclerosis and sleep apnea learn to understand their condition and live successfully with it. This term is equivalent to disease management for chronic conditions. The work involves motivating patients to persist in necessary therapies and interventions and helping them to achieve an ongoing, reasonable quality of life.
  • 319
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Telephone Counseling
Telephone counseling refers to any type of psychological service performed over the telephone. Telephone counseling ranges from individual, couple or group psychotherapy with a professional therapist to psychological first aid provided by para-professional counselors. In-person therapists often advise clients to make use of telephone crisis counseling to provide the client with an avenue to obtain support outside of therapy if they cannot be reached in an emergency or at the conclusion of a therapeutic relationship. Telephone counseling is also provided by crisis hotlines, quitlines, and child helplines.
  • 313
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Arterial Hypertension
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and its derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are “essential” fatty acids mainly obtained from diet sources comprising plant oils, marine blue fish, and commercially available fish oil supplements.
  • 313
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) causes a progressive decline in renal function, leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and increases the likelihood of cardiovascular events and mortality. The introduction of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor has been a game changer in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). These agents not only slow down the progression of kidney disease but also have cardioprotective benefits, including for patients with congestive heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Some evidence suggests that they can decrease the risk of stroke as well.
  • 309
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cholesterol Remnants
Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated to lipid components other than LDL and in particular to remnant cholesterol (RC) and to lipoproteins rich in triglycerides in fasting and non-fasting conditions. Remnant lipoproteins and inflammation, as well as LP (a), are causally related to risk of ACVD in individuals already treated with statin therapyremnant lipoproteins and inflammation, as well as LP (a), are causally related to risk of ACVD in individuals already treated with statin therapyremnant lipoproteins and inflammation, as well as LP (a), are causally related to risk of ACVD in individuals already treated with statin therapy.
  • 307
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Insulin—Low Threshold of Therapy
The global prevalence of comorbid diabetes and frailty is increasing due to increasing life expectancy. Frailty appears to be a metabolically heterogeneous condition that may affect the clinical decision making on the most appropriate glycaemic target and the choice of the most suitable hypoglycaemic agent for each individual. The metabolic profile of frailty appears to span across a spectrum that starts at an anorexic malnourished (AM) frail phenotype on one end and a sarcopenic obese (SO) phenotype on the other.
  • 306
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
High-Risk Pregnancy
A high-risk pregnancy is one where the mother or the fetus has an increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. No concrete guidelines currently exist for distinguishing “high-risk” pregnancies from “low-risk” pregnancies, however there are certain studied conditions that have been shown to put the mother or fetus at a higher risk of poor outcomes. These conditions can be classified into three main categories: health problems in the mother that occur before she becomes pregnant, health problems in the mother that occur during pregnancy, and certain health conditions with the fetus. In 2012, the CDC estimated that there were approximately 65,000 pregnancies deemed "high-risk" in the United States.
  • 306
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Altered Pathways in Fabry Disease
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disease characterized by deficient expression and activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) with consequent lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid in various organs. Enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of all Fabry patients, although in the long-term it fails to completely halt the disease’s progression. This suggests on one hand that the adverse outcomes cannot be justified only by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids and on the other that additional therapies targeted at specific secondary mechanisms might contribute to halt the progression of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal disease that occur in Fabry patients. 
  • 303
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
LAs in Pain, Inflammation, and Other Clinical Conditions
The use of low-dose local anesthetics in low concentrations for therapeutic, non-anesthetic purposes, known as neural therapy, has significantly transformed patient care by providing rapid, effective, long-lasting and safe relief of pain, inflammation and other clinical conditions while minimizing recovery time. 
  • 303
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Status Dynamic Psychotherapy
Status dynamic psychotherapy (SDT) is an approach to psychotherapy that was created by Peter G. Ossorio at the University of Colorado in the late 1960s as part of a larger system known as "descriptive psychology". Its distinguishing characteristic is that it does not focus on the factors traditionally targeted by psychotherapy such as the client’s behaviors, cognitions, insight into unconscious factors, and patterns of interaction with significant others. Instead, it focuses on bringing about changes in clients’ statuses; i.e., the positions that they occupy in relation to everything in their worlds, including themselves and aspects of themselves. Proponents of SDT maintain:
  • 301
  • 08 Nov 2022
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