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Topic Review
Silicon-Based Optical Phased Array Lidar
Silicon-based Lidar is an ideal way to reduce the volume of the Lidar and realize monolithic integration. It removes the moving parts in the conventional device and realizes solid-state beam steering. The advantages of low cost, small size, and high beam steering speed have attracted the attention of many researchers. 
  • 717
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Theoretical Background of SMS Sensors
SMS (single mode–multi mode–single mode) sensors' structures are constituted by splicing a multi-mode-no-core fiber (MMF-NC, also known as coreless)-defined segment to two single-mode fiber pigtails.
  • 324
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Nanotechnology Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety.
  • 319
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Atom Chips for Absolute Gravity Sensors
As a powerful tool in scientific research and industrial technologies, the cold atom absolute gravity sensor (CAGS) based on cold atom interferometry has been proven to be the most promising new generation high-precision absolute gravity sensor. However, large size, heavy weight, and high–power consumption are still the main restriction factors of CAGS being applied for practical applications on mobile platforms. Combined with cold atom chips, it is possible to drastically reduce the complexity, weight, and size of CAGS.
  • 232
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Dual-Frequency Solid-State Lasers for Synthetic-Wave Absolute-Distance Interferometry
Frequency-difference-stabilized dual-frequency solid-state lasers with tunable and large frequency difference have become an ideal light source for the high-accuracy absolute-distance interferometric system due to their stable multistage synthetic wavelengths.
  • 275
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Application of Optical Fibers in Temperature Monitoring
The current generation is witnessing a huge interest in optical waveguides due to their salient features: they are of low cost, immune to electromagnetic interference, easy to multiplex, have a compact size, etc. These features of optical fibers make them a useful tool for various sensing applications including in medicine, automotives, biotechnology, food quality control, aerospace, physical and chemical monitoring. Among all the reported applications, optical wave guides have been widely exploited to measure the physical and chemical variations in the surrounding environment. Optical fiber-based temperature sensors have played a crucial role in this decade to detect high fever and tackle COVID-19-like pandemics. Recognizing the major developments in the field of optical fibers, this entry provides recent progress in temperature sensors utilizing several sensing configurations including conventional fiber, photonic crystal fiber, and Bragg grating fibers. Additionally, this entry also highlights the advantages, limitations, and future possibilities in this area.
  • 750
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
LGAD-Based Silicon Sensors for 4D Detectors
Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) are a class of silicon sensors developed for the fast detection of Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs). The development was motivated by the need of resolving piled-up tracks of charged particles emerging from several vertexes originating from the same bunch-crossing in High-Energy Physics (HEP) collider experiments, which, however, are separated not only in space but also in time by a few tens of picoseconds. Built on thin silicon substrates and featuring an internal moderate gain, they provide fast signals for excellent timing performance, which are therefore useful to distinguish the different tracks. Unfortunately, this comes at the price of poor spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, other families of LGAD-based silicon sensors which can deliver in the same substrate both excellent timing and spatial information are under development.
  • 494
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Microflows
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary research subject that provides precise liquid control and manipulation, empowering quick and high throughput test handling incorporated into small-size clinical frameworks. The work provides the details review on the available microfluidic monitoring techniques
  • 222
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Improvement of Single-Coil Eddy Current Sensors
Single-coil eddy current sensors (SCECS) form a separate and independent branch among the existing eddy current probes. Such sensors are often used for aviation and aerospace applications where the conditions accompanying the measuring process are harsh and even extreme. High temperatures (up to +600 °C in the compressor and over +1000 °C in the turbine of gas turbine engines), the complex shape surfaces of the monitored parts, the multidimensional movement of the power plants’ structural elements, restrictions on the probes number and their placement in the measuring zone are the main factors affecting the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results obtained by the sensors. The application of SCECS-based systems in industrial and bench conditions made it possible to identify most of these factors and determine the ways to, if not completely eliminate, then significantly reduce their impact. The effectiveness of the considered approaches and methods has been proven in laboratories and in bench tests of power plants for various purposes. At the same time, many of the proposed solutions are not limited only to SCECS-based systems and can be successfully applied in measurement systems that use other types of eddy-current probes, as well as sensors built on other physical principles.
  • 385
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Extended Reality for Civil Engineering Structures
Utilization of emerging immersive visualization technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) in the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry has demonstrated that these visualization tools can be paradigm-shifting. Extended Reality (XR), an umbrella term for VR, AR, and MR technologies, has found many diverse use cases in the AEC industry. 
  • 665
  • 19 Dec 2022
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