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Topic Review
Windmill (Sailing Dinghy)
The Windmill is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by Clark Mills as a one-design racer and first built in 1953. The Windmill hull design was developed into the US1 single-handed catboat in 1974.
  • 912
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Walter Lachenmeier
Walter Lachenmeier (ORCID 0000-0002-6097-729X) was born in the city of Lüneburg, Germany, on 8 September 1945. He studied mechanical engineering and general process engineering from 1965 to 1971 at the University of Karlsruhe (the predecessor of the current Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, an elite public research university in Germany) and graduated in 1971 with a diploma degree in chemical
  • 524
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Waka (Canoe)
Waka (Māori: [ˈwaka]) are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes (waka tīwai) used for fishing and river travel to large, decorated war canoes (waka taua) up to 40 metres (130 ft) long. The earliest remains of a canoe in New Zealand were found near the Anaweka estuary in a remote part of the Tasman District and radiocarbon-dated to about 1400. The canoe was constructed in New Zealand, but was a sophisticated canoe, compatible with the style of other Polynesian voyaging canoes at that time. Since the 1970s about eight large double-hulled canoes of about 20 metres have been constructed for oceanic voyaging to other parts of the Pacific. They are made of a blend of modern and traditional materials, incorporating features from ancient Melanesia, as well as Polynesia.
  • 710
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
W-band MIMO GB-SAR for Bridge
This is a fast MIMO-GBSAR (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar) operating in W-band (77 GHz). The radar can complete a scan in less than 8 s. Furthermore, as its overall dimension is smaller than 230 mm, it can be easily fixed to the head of a camera tripod, which makes its deployment in the field very easy, even by a single operator. 
  • 756
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Volkswagen Passat NMS
The 2012 Volkswagen Passat (internally designated Volkswagen New Midsize Sedan, or NMS while under development) is a mid-sized sedan that debuted in January 2011 at the Detroit Auto Show, is manufactured at the Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant, replaces the Passat B6 in the North American market, and is marketed also in South Korea. At its introduction, the Passat NMS was part of Volkswagen Group's strategy to sell over 800,000 vehicles per year in the North American market. The vehicle was developed by Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive and Volkswagen Passenger Cars, and is partially based on the PQ46 platform used by the European Passat.
  • 1.9K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Coupling in Railways
The mobility situation is constantly changing as people are increasingly moving to urban areas. Therefore, a flexible mode of transport with high-capacity passenger trains and a high degree of modularity in the trains’ composition is necessary. Virtual coupling (VC) is a promising solution to this problem because it significantly increases the capacity of a line and provides a more flexible mode of operation than conventional signaling systems.
  • 581
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Vehicle Routing Problem in Evolving Urban Logistics Environment
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimisation problem that aims to determine the optimal set of service sequences and routes from a depot to geographically dispersed customers, considering operational constraints.
  • 123
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Vehicle and Powertrain Efficiency of Long-Haul Commercial Vehicles
On-road transportation of freight is central to modern economic activity. However, current on-road freight vehicles emit significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), on the order of 7% of global anthropogenic emissions, along with significant amounts of local and regional air pollutants. Mitigating CO2 emissions from long-haul commercial trucking is a major challenge that must be addressed to achieve substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. Extensive recent research and development programs have shown how significant near-term reductions in GHGs from commercial vehicles can be achieved by combining technological advances. 
  • 197
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Variobahn
The Variobahn, formerly known as the Variotram, is a German-designed model of articulated low-floor tram and light rail vehicle. Since its introduction in 1993, the Variobahn has been manufactured variously by ABB, Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and since 2001 by Stadler Rail. As of 2009, 254 trams have been ordered, with an additional 110 on option. A unit costs about €2.5 million. Operators include the Graz Holding, the Bergen Light Rail, the Chemnitz Tramway, Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr, the Helsinki Tramway, the Rhine Neckar Area Tramway and London Tramlink.
  • 607
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
V2X Applications in Road Tunnels
Tunneling and tunnel equipment should be one of the main disciplines in urban planning and engineering. It is important to provide a solution for all road users, including road users in tunnels, where, for example, navigation is crucial, and its functionality may have implications on traffic throughout the city. However, the most important to ensure are the safety applications, e.g., smooth passing of an emergency vehicle, dissemination of warning information, as well as about the failure in tunnels or tunnel closure. Vehicular communication (V2X—vehicle-to-everything) is one of them.
  • 746
  • 20 May 2022
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