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Topic Review
Approaches of Offshore Inspection
Operators of offshore production units (OPUs) employ risk-based assessment (RBA) techniques in order to minimise inspection expenses while maintaining risks at an acceptable level. However, when human divers and workers are involved in inspections conducted at high heights, the operational risks can be significant. There has been a growing trend towards the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for inspections of offshore structures as a means to reduce exposure to human risk.
  • 252
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Guideline for the Decommissioning/Abandonment of Subsea Pipelines
The operating lifespan of pipelines is limited, defined by their specific design codes and specifications, with the economic justification for this being determined primarily by the pipeline owner. During its operational lifespan, a pipeline’s integrity is affected mainly by the quality of the hydrocarbons being transported. The integrity of a pipeline can be maintained with regular inspections and maintenance/cleaning programmes followed from installation to commissioning. As production matures and declines, operators face several decisions concerning the pipeline’s future. There are several potential scenarios, and each should be assessed on a case-by-case basis for any specific pipeline in question. The industry best practices outline the minimum requirements for the safe decommissioning of pipelines. 
  • 251
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Carbon Storage in Oil and Gas Industry
As a rapidly evolving technology, carbon capture and storage (CCS) can potentially lower the levels of greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas industry. A comprehensive review of different aspects of CCS technology is presented herein, including its key components, the methods and stages of carbon storage, implied environmental effects, and its pros and cons. It also investigates the utilization of CCS as an alternative method to water injection into oil reservoirs. It also probes the technical and operational challenges of implementing CCS technology in the oil and gas industry. Additionally, it examines the regulatory and policy issues associated with CCS, including incentives and frameworks for promoting the deployment of CCS technology. Finally, the potential benefits of CCS are discussed, including reducing the carbon footprint of the oil and gas industry, enhancing energy security, and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy.
  • 243
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Electrical Resistance Tomography  in Oil and Gas Reservoirs
Petroleum engineers need real-time understanding of the dynamic information of reservoirs and production in the development process, which is essential for the fine description of oil and gas reservoirs. Due to the non-invasive feature of electromagnetic waves, more and more oil and gas reservoirs have received attention to capture the development dynamics with electrical resistance tomography (ERT). By measuring the distribution of resistivity on the surface, the ERT can offer information on the subsurface media. 
  • 218
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Lithology Prediction
The accurate prediction of underground formation lithology class and tops is a critical challenge in the oil industry. This research presents a machine-learning (ML) approach to predict lithology from drilling data, offering real-time litho-facies identification.
  • 186
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Gels for Conformance Control and Flow Diversion
The use of hydrogels in the development of oil fields by the flooding method has firmly established itself in the oil industry, and this direction is constantly evolving in all oil-producing countries around the world, as evidenced by the growth of publication and patent activity on this topic. Operations for conformance control and flow diversion are impossible to imagine without the use of gel technologies today. Inorganic, organic, and hybrid gels, as well as foam gels, gel-forming and gel-dispersed systems are used. The ability to widely regulate structural-mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shear resistance through the introduction of micro- and nano-sized additives has made hydrogels indispensable tools for petroleum engineers.
  • 172
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are technologies used in the oil and gas industry to maximize the extraction of residual oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods have been carried out. EOR processes involve various methods, including thermal, chemical, gas and microbial methods.
  • 105
  • 16 Jan 2024
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