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Topic Review
Classification of the Fish Inspired Robots
Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. The propulsion ability of fish comes from the coordination between muscle groups, which gives its body uniform weight distribution and a more space-saving motion structure. A body that has evolved over billions of years also has an excellent hydrodynamic shape and a reasonable structural elastic modulus. At the same time, the organic combination of movement between muscle groups is also the reason to improve the overall efficiency of movement. Finally, fish have unique fluid sensing systems. A body and (or) caudal fin (BCF) swimmer bends its body into a backward propulsive wave that extends up to its caudal fin, while median and paired fin (MPF) swimmers use the median and paired fins to gain thrust. Similar to the classification of the biological systems, fish-inspired robots can also be divided into BCF-based and MPF-based robotic fish with a series of subcategories.
  • 478
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Optimal Configuration of Wave Energy Conversions
Ocean energy is one potential renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels that has a more significant power generation due to its better predictability and availability. In order to harness this source, wave energy converters (WECs) have been devised and used over the past several years to generate as much energy and power as is feasible. While it is possible to install these devices in both nearshore and offshore areas, nearshore sites are more appropriate places since more severe weather occurs offshore. Determining the optimal location might be challenging when dealing with sites along the coast since they often have varying capacities for energy production. Constructing wave farms requires determining the appropriate location for WECs, which may lead us to its correct and optimum design. The WEC size, shape, and layout are factors that must be considered for installing these devices. 
  • 445
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Online Pipeline Characterisation on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Nowadays, more frequently, it is necessary to perform underwater operations such as surveying an area or inspecting and intervening on industrial infrastructures such as offshore oil and gas rigs or pipeline networks. The use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) has grown as a way to automate these tasks, reducing risks and execution time. One of the used sensing modalities is vision, providing RGB high-quality information in the mid to low range, making it appropriate for manipulation or detail inspection tasks. This research presents the use of a deep neural network to perform pixel-wise 3D segmentation of pipes and valves on underwater point clouds generated using a stereo pair of cameras. In addition, two novel algorithms are built to extract information from the detected instances, providing pipe vectors, gripping points, the position of structural elements such as elbows or connections, and valve type and orientation. The neural network and information algorithms are implemented on an AUV and executed in real-time, validating that the output information stream frame rate of 0.72 fps is high enough to perform manipulation tasks and to ensure full seabed coverage during inspection tasks. The used dataset, along with a trained model and the information algorithms, are provided to the scientific community.
  • 444
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Computational Simulation Methods in Ship Broken Ice
The majority of sea ice in polar regions can be generalized into two types, (a) level ice that exists as a continuous form, and (b) broken ice that consists of discontinuous ice blocks. Broken ice includes brash ice that normally accumulates in ice channels, sliding ice pieces that form from breaking continuous ice, unconsolidated ice ridges generated by compression between ice floes, and ice floe fields (the most common broken ice condition in the polar region) that appear and evolve with natural processes. In recent years, computational simulation models have increasingly been used for the evaluation of ship operability under broken ice conditions, presenting some challenging issues. A ship’s response in broken ice is divided into two categories: resistance, which relates to the overall ship performance, and local loads, which relates to structural safety. 
  • 440
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Rehabilitation of Tubular Joints
Exposure to load and offshore environment degrades the load-bearing capacity of tubular joints, necessitating reinforcement of these joints. Reinforcement is sometimes required for lifespan enhancement or qualification based on new requirements. Available reinforcement techniques include welded rings inside/outside the chord, doubler/collar plate at the brace-chord interface, grout filling, and clamp installation on the joints with/without cement. While these techniques increase the load-bearing capacity of damaged tubular joints, various practical limitations exist.
  • 429
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Climate and Surfing
Surfing is one of the most popular activities in coastal tourism resorts. However, the sport depends strongly on the met-ocean weather conditions, particularly on the surface wind-generated waves that reach the coast.
  • 413
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Structural Testing of Tidal Turbine Blades
Structural testing of tidal turbine blades is vital due to several reasons. Firstly, it allows for the optimization of blade performance, ensuring efficient energy conversion and maximizing power output. Secondly, it ensures the reliability and safety of the blades, enabling them to withstand harsh marine conditions and reducing the risk of failure or damage. Thirdly, structural testing helps assess the durability of the blades, determining their fatigue life and enabling effective maintenance strategies. Additionally, it aids in designing cost-effective solutions by evaluating materials, manufacturing techniques, and configurations. Finally, structural testing facilitates regulatory compliance, ensuring that blades meet the necessary standards and certifications for deployment in tidal energy projects. Overall, structural testing plays a crucial role in enhancing performance, safety, durability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance of tidal turbine blades.
  • 399
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring Systems in Shipping and Offshore Industry
Maritime transport is the main mode of international trade (up to 80% of goods); thus, marine structures are critical because of its specific influence to trade. Ships and offshore structures are used worldwide for a variety of functions and in a variety of water depths and environments. Monitoring the health of marine structures plays a key role in reducing the risk of structural failure. The incorporation of a health-monitoring system makes it possible to optimize the design, operation and/or maintenance, moving from criteria based on experience or conservative estimates, to others that take advantage of source of information about real-time in-service behavior. Structural monitoring also makes it possible to reveal the start of damage in structures that would otherwise remain invisible until a catastrophic/unexpected manifestation of damage occurs, allowing for decisions such as decommissioning for unscheduled maintenance actions or continuing until the next scheduled maintenance.
  • 396
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Underwater Image Enhancement and Underwater Biological Detection
For aquaculture resource evaluation and ecological environment monitoring, the automatic detection and identification of marine organisms is critical; however, due to the low quality of underwater images and the characteristics of underwater biological detection, the lack of abundant features can impede traditional hand-designed feature extraction approaches or CNN-based object detection algorithms, particularly in complex underwater environments.
  • 394
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Mobility and Agility of Subsea AUV
The observation and detection of the subsea environment urgently require large-scale and long-term observation platforms. The design and development of subsea autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) involve three key points: the subsea-adapted main body structure, agile motion performance that adapts to complex underwater environments, and underwater acoustic communication and positioning technology. 
  • 382
  • 27 Jun 2023
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