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Topic Review
Beach Drainage System
The idea that the groundwater table plays a role in the mobilization of the sediment grains underlies the application of the beach drainage system (BDS) as a tool able to modify the natural dynamics of groundwater table at sandy beaches. The beach drainage is one of the soft engineering methods aimed to counteract the shoreline retreat related to the sediment redistribution along the beach profile. 
  • 835
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Vortex-Induced Motions of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Structures
The ‘Green Shift’ from fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas) to renewable energy (sunlight, wind, waves and tide) is now a global trend. DNV forecasts that by 2050, the installed floating global wind capacity will have grown from today’s 100 megawatts (MW) to over 264 gigawatts (GW), so that 2% of the world’s electricity demand can be supplied by cost-efficient and dependable floating offshore wind. Floating offshore wind is considered to be a viable solution at water depths exceeding 50 to 60 m with abundant wind resources. As a fast-evolving technology, it has the potential for less foundation material, shortened installation cycle and decommissioning, and additional wind power generation.
  • 674
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
SAR Image Target Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target detection is a significant research direction in radar information processing. Aiming at the poor robustness and low detection accuracy of traditional detection algorithms, SAR image target detection based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is presented in this entry.
  • 595
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ammonia in Various Technologies
Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel with promising applications as either a direct or indirect hydrogen carrier. Ammonia can play an important role in the decarbonization of the shipping industry, at least for deep sea routes. The key barriers to using green ammonia as an alternative fuel in maritime industry. are: (1) High production costs, due to the high capital costs associated with ammonia’s supply chain; (2) availability, specifically the limited geographical locations available for ammonia bunkering; (3) the challenge of ramping up current ammonia production; and (4) the development of ammonia-specific regulations addressing issues such as toxicity, safety, and storage. These issues are further discussed in this topic review.
  • 578
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Performance of Unmanned Vehicles for Offshore Wind Turbines
Operations and maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are challenging, with manual operators constantly exposed to hazardous environments. Due to the high task complexity associated with the OWT, the transition to unmanned solutions remains stagnant. Efforts toward unmanned operations have been observed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) but are limited mostly to visual inspections only. Collaboration strategies between unmanned vehicles have introduced several opportunities that would enable unmanned operations for the OWT maintenance and repair activities. 
  • 572
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Phlorotannins’ Extraction and Isolation
Phlorotannins are moderately hydrophilic components with a wide range of molecular weights, ranging between 126 and 650 kDa. They are produced via the polymerization of the phloroglucinol molecule (benzene-1,3,5-triol) through the polyketide pathway reaction and stored in physodes and/or cell-wall-forming complexes.
  • 547
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Key Technologies for Offshore Wind Power in China
Offshore Wind Power (OWP) has gained prominence in China’s national energy strategy. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of wind power must be further reduced to match the average wholesale price. The cost-cutting and revenue-generating potential of offshore wind generation depends on technological innovation.
  • 545
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Anchorage Area Detection
Mooring area detection represents one of the key technological problems that must be solved in the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). Anchoring operation is one of the key operations of ships, which is affected by various factors. The research on anchorage area detection focuses mainly on the safety distance between anchoring ships and methods of mooring area detection.
  • 494
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Classification of the Fish Inspired Robots
Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. The propulsion ability of fish comes from the coordination between muscle groups, which gives its body uniform weight distribution and a more space-saving motion structure. A body that has evolved over billions of years also has an excellent hydrodynamic shape and a reasonable structural elastic modulus. At the same time, the organic combination of movement between muscle groups is also the reason to improve the overall efficiency of movement. Finally, fish have unique fluid sensing systems. A body and (or) caudal fin (BCF) swimmer bends its body into a backward propulsive wave that extends up to its caudal fin, while median and paired fin (MPF) swimmers use the median and paired fins to gain thrust. Similar to the classification of the biological systems, fish-inspired robots can also be divided into BCF-based and MPF-based robotic fish with a series of subcategories.
  • 475
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Semantic Modeling, Simulation and Cybersecurity in the IoUT
As maritime and military missions become more and more complex and multi-factorial over the years, there has been a high interest in the research and development of (autonomous) unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Latest efforts concern the modeling and simulation of UUVs’ collaboration in swarm formations, towards obtaining deeper insights related to the critical issues of cybersecurity and interoperability. The research topics, which are constantly emerging in this domain, are closely related to the communication, interoperability, and secure operation of UUVs, as well as to the volume, velocity, variety, and veracity of data transmitted in low bit-rate due to the medium, i.e., the water. 
  • 473
  • 09 Jan 2023
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