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Topic Review
Biopolymer-Based Composites from Agricultural Waste Biomass
Natural fibers are derived from a variety of flora and fauna sources and are utilized in the production of textiles and other commodities. These materials are recognized for their capacity to decompose naturally, their ability to endure over time, and their positive impact on the ecosystem. Fibers derived from agricultural waste biomass pertain to fibers procured from the residual components of crops, including but not limited to straw, stalks, leaves, and husks.
  • 659
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Nanotechnology Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety.
  • 403
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Energy-Sustainable Renovation of Building Envelopes
The EU’s low carbon transition relies on the building sector as one of its main pillars, given that around 85% of the 160 million buildings within the EU are thermally inefficient. The energy-sustainable renovation of building envelopes calls for a comprehensive approach from initial design phases to construction, while balancing a series of factors, e.g., function and aesthetics, energy savings and environmental concerns, as well as cost-effectiveness.
  • 388
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Aluminosilicate Clay Minerals
The current focus on renewable energy sources and the circular economy favors the thermal conversion of low-quality fuels, such as biomass and waste. However, the main limitation of their usability in the power sector is the risk of slagging, fouling, ash deposition, and high-temperature corrosion. These problems may be avoided or significantly mitigated by the application of aluminosilicate clay minerals as fuel additives.
  • 434
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Battery Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
During the last few years, electric and hydrogen vehicles have become an alternative to cars that use internal combustion engines. The number of electric and hydrogen vehicles sold has increased due to support from local governments and because car manufacturers will stop the production of internal combustion engines in the near future. The emissions of these vehicles while being driven are zero, but they still have an impact on the environment due to their fuel.
  • 364
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Biochar in Agriculture
Biochar has gained attention as an alternative source of solid energy and for the proper disposal of agricultural biomass waste (ABW). Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is a promising approach for the production of biochar. The use of biochar as a soil amendment can be an attractive option for farmers. The incorporation of biochar into soil has been shown to improve soil fertility, water retention, and crop productivity. This can lead to reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizers and increased agricultural yields. The development of a biochar economy has the potential to create new job opportunities and increase the national gross domestic product (GDP). Small-scale enterprises can play a significant role in the production and distribution of biochar, providing value-added products and helping to promote sustainable agriculture.
  • 372
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Oil Spill Models
Oil spills may have devastating effects on marine ecosystems, public health, the economy, and coastal communities. To predict in near real time oil spill transport and fate with increased reliability, these models are usually coupled operationally to synoptic meteorological, hydrodynamic, and wave models. 
  • 320
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment
Filtration methods are traditional techniques of water purification used by mankind since ancient times. By filtering, water can be cleaned of sand, silt, turbidity, scale, and other suspended particles. Modern slow sand filters (SSFs) for water purification were first used in the 19th century in England. Therefore, they are often called English filters. The first slow filter was built by the English engineer James Simpson in 1829 in London to purify water from the river Thames.
  • 1.9K
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Fibrous Plant-Based Food Waste for Sorbing Heavy Metals
“Heavy metals” are associated with environmental pollution, food contamination, and toxicity and have adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and animal and human health. Hazardous heavy metals and metalloids, such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), and several essential heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), above threshold levels, have been identified as priority contaminants and one of the key environmental issues of global concern due to their mobility in terrestrial and natural aquatic ecosystems and their carcinogenic nature. Use of inexpensive and abundantly available biosorbents generated from fibrous plant-based food-waste materials to remove heavy metals has garnered considerable research attention.
  • 368
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Treatment Wetlands in Natural Swimming Ponds
Natural swimming ponds using treatment wetlands (TWs) as an element of treatment of swimming water are an ecologically beneficial alternative to conventional pools. Unlike conventional swimming pools, in natural swimming ponds, the water treatment avoids the use of chemical methods and is based on the phenomenon of water self-purification and the rhizofiltration capacity of repository macrophytes in TWs of the regeneration zone, as well as on typical physical filtering processes (e.g., straining, sedimentation, or flotation), physicochemical filtration (physical and chemical adsorption, mainly of phosphorus), and biological filtration (nitrification and denitrification). 
  • 574
  • 30 May 2023
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