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Topic Review
Types of Micellar Assemblies
Amphiphilic block copolymers (with a variety of hydrophobic blocks and hydrophilic blocks; often polyethylene oxide) self-assemble in water to micelles/niosomes similar to conventional nonionic surfactants with high drug loading capacity.
  • 671
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Vitrimers for Sustainable Circular Bio-Economy
The traditional polymer circular economy (CE) continues to be challenging due to its reprocessing/recycle ability; also, at the same time, newly developed substitute materials have not expressed similar performance to conventional materials involved in contemporary applications. Hence, linear approaches such as “take-make-use-waste” have severely affected sustainability modules where non-renewable resources have been used at maximum levels. In addition, sustainability is termed along with the circular economy paradigm in recent times, although material sustainability differs from CE material. The circular economy mainly focuses on the economic, environmental and social impacts, whereas sustainability is more about an ecological importance. Globally, frameworks have been formed to enhance the sustainable environment. The United Nations (UN) has designed 17 sustainable development goals to be enforced in all countries in order to reach the goal of a sustainable society by 2030.
  • 731
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tire Rubber and Its Degradation Behavior
The use of ground tire rubber (GTR) for modifying asphalt is very promising and is a sustainable development strategy. The addition of GTR to asphalt shows many improvements in the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the rubber asphalt binder, such as enhanced stiffness, increased skid resistance, extended service life, mitigated fatigue cracking and so on.
  • 776
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Food Bio-Based Packaging
Recently, academic research and industries have gained awareness about the economic, environmental, and social impacts of conventional plastic packaging and its disposal. This consciousness has oriented efforts towards more sustainable materials such as biopolymers, paving the way for the “green era” of food packaging.
  • 863
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Liquid Phase Infiltration of Block Copolymers
Novel materials with defined composition and structures at the nanoscale are increasingly desired in several research fields spanning a wide range of applications. Self-assembling materials such as block copolymers (BCPs), in combination with liquid phase infiltration (LPI) processes, represent an ideal strategy for the synthesis of inorganic materials into even more complex and functional features.
  • 340
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Thermally Conductive Materials by Fused Filament Fabrication
With the miniaturization and integration of electronic products, the heat dissipation efficiency of electronic equipment needs to be further improved. Notably, polymer materials are a choice for electronic equipment matrices because of their advantages of low cost and wide application availability. Intelligent electronic devices are currently being researched to meet people’s pursuit of a high-quality life through integration and miniaturization. In order to ensure product safety and operational efficiency, it is imperative to improve the thermal conductivity of electronic devices. Polymers are frequently used in preparing heat dissipation materials because of their low price, light weight, ease of processing, and wide applications.
  • 552
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradation of Plastics  by Fungal and Bacterial Communities
Biodegradation is the deformation of a substance into new compounds through biochemical reactions or the actions of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. It is necessary for water-soluble or water-immiscible polymers because they eventually enter streams which can neither be recycled nor incinerated. It is important to consider the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic polymers in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. Low/high-density polyethylene is a vital cause of environmental pollution. It occurs by choking the sewer line through mishandling, thus posing an everlasting ecological threat. Environmental pollution due to the unscrupulous consumption of synthetic polymers derived from petroleum has an adverse impact on the environment since the majority of plastics do not degrade, and the further incineration of synthetic plastics generates CO2 and dioxin. This requires understanding the interactions between materials and microorganisms and the biochemical changes involved. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of plastics have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with synthetic plastic waste. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers through microbes viz., bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. The microbial degradation of plastics is caused by certain enzymatic activities that lead to a chain cleavage of polymers into oligomers and monomers.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alginate Microparticles for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications
Alginates are the most widely used natural polymers in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Usually, they are applied as a thickening, gel-forming and stabilizing agent. Moreover, the alginate-based formulations such as matrices, membranes, nanospheres or microcapsules are often used as delivery systems. Alginate microparticles (AMP) are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic carriers, applied to encapsulate hydrophilic active substances, including probiotics.
  • 733
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lignin as Renewable Building Block for Sustainable Polyurethanes
Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. Lignin, being a natural aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, has been drawing the interest of academia and industry for its valorization, especially for the development of polymeric materials. Among the different types of polymers that can be derived from lignin, polyurethanes (PUs) are amid the most important ones, especially due to their wide range of applications. 
  • 793
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Temperature-Responsive Polymer Brush Coatings
Modern biomedical technologies predict the application of materials and devices that not only can comply effectively with specific requirements, but also enable remote control of their functions. One of the most prospective materials for these advanced biomedical applications are materials based on temperature-responsive polymer brush coatings (TRPBCs). Despite progress in the development of such interesting materials, there are still some issues that need to be resolved, such as biocompatibility, high efficiency, selectivity of the action, stability, long-term and multiple-use, and the temperature of the transition close to physiological temperatures (appropriate transition temperature). The mechanisms of their temperature-induced reactions are one of the most crucial elements that affect the characteristics of temperature-sensitive grafted brush coatings. The TRPBCs exhibit the response to temperature governed by different mechanisms attributed to intermolecular interactions of the macromolecular chains between themselves and with the environment. The mechanism responsible for the temperature-dependent properties of polymer brushes is strongly dependent on the chemical nature of the macromolecular chains.
  • 531
  • 20 Oct 2022
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