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Topic Review
High-Throughput Screening
HTS involves in vitro, cell- or whole organism- based assays. The most common readouts for biochemical assays in HTS are optical, including absorbance, fluorescence, luminescence, and scintillation.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Perturbative/Non-Perturbative Quantum Field Theory
In this review, we focused on the foundations of quantum field theory, which is still believed to be the most fundamental theory, describing in principle all phenomena observed in atomic and particle physics. Unlike quantum mechanics, however, its foundations are still not cleared up. We attempted to describe how some novel approaches lead to a unified picture, in spite of the fact that several difficult open problems remain.
  • 946
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Vacuum Diffusion Bonded Ti2AlNb/Ti/TC4 Joint
The Ti2AlNb alloy was bonded to TC4 alloy using the vacuum diffusion bonding method with a Ti interlayer. The interfacial microstructure of the Ti2AlNb/Ti/TC4 joint was characterized. The relationship between the bonding parameters and the microstructure and mechanical property of the joints was explored. Results indicated that the interdiffusion of Nb and Al elements between the interlayer and substrates promoted the formation of the lamellar α + β dual-phase structure in the joint. The bonding parameters determined the diffusion distance of Nb and Al elements, thus controlling the characteristics of the lamellar α + β dual-phase structure. When the Ti2AlNb alloy and TC4 alloy were bonded at 950 °C for 30 min under a pressure of 10 MPa, the elemental diffusion in the bonding couple was sufficient and the joint possessed the maximum shear strength of 549 MPa. 
  • 592
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Brite-Constellation
BRITE-Constellation is devoted to high-precision optical photometric monitoring of bright stars, distributed all over the Milky Way, in red and/or blue passbands. Photometry from space avoids the turbulent and absorbing terrestrial atmosphere and allows for very long and continuous observing runs with high time resolution and thus provides the data necessary for understanding various processes inside stars (e.g., asteroseismology) and in their immediate environment. 
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Multiphysics Data for Mineral Exploration
Different geophysical methods provide information about various physical properties of rock formations and mineralization. In many cases, this information is mutually complementary. At the same time, inversion of the data for a particular survey is subject to considerable uncertainty and ambiguity as to causative body geometry and intrinsic physical property contrast. One productive approach to reducing uncertainty is to jointly invert several types of data. Non-uniqueness can also be reduced by incorporating additional information derived from available geological and/or geophysical data in the survey area to reduce the searching space for the solution. This additional information can be incorporated in the form of a joint inversion of multiphysics data. 
  • 502
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Optimization Design Methods for PUT
Sound waves are a form of energy transmission in the mechanical vibration state of an object. Ultrasound is a type of sound wave with a vibration frequency higher than 20 kHz, which cannot be heard by humans. A piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (PUT) is a device for achieving mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy. Due to the advantages of high safety and low cost, a PUT has been widely used as the core device for non-destructive testing (NDT), medical imaging, particle manipulation, and flow measurement. The traditional optimization design methods are mainly based on an analytical model, an equivalent circuit model, or a finite element model and the design parameters are adjusted by a trial-and-error method, which relies on the experience of experts and has a relatively low efficiency. Recently, by combining intelligent optimization algorithms, efficient optimization design methods for a PUT have been developed based on a traditional model or a data-driven model, which can effectively improve the design efficiency of a PUT and reduce its development cycle and cost. 
  • 493
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Fine-Grained Change Detection
Fine-grained change detection in sensor data is very challenging for artificial intelligence though it is critically important in practice. It is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon where the differences are class-specific and are difficult to generalise. As a result, many recent technologies that leverage big data and deep learning struggle with this task.
  • 773
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cryotropic Gelation and Macroporous Scaffolds
Cryogels obtained by the cryotropic gelation process are macroporous hydrogels with a well-developed system of interconnected pores and shape memory. Biodegradable cryogels have been prepared from natural polymers (biopolymers) and synthetic polymers with biodegradable/bioresponsive bonds containing bio-resembling or artificial units. The cryogels could be composed of one type of polymer or a combination of different materials. Polymers from natural origins (plants or animals) attract considerable attention for their intrinsic biocompatibility and potential ability to mimic ECM, favoring cell-matrix interactions for tissue-engineering and regeneration.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Radiological Investigation of French Fossils
The accurate investigation of uranium-containing fossils in a museum of the City of Basel showed the following crucial points: 1 Storage of uranium-containing minerals or fossils may lead to elevated radon exposures for the staff. The monitoring of the room air is recommended: Eventual taken measures will reduce the exposure to radon (permanent air ventilation, airtight storage of contaminated objects). 2 The handling and preparation of such contaminated objects may lead to significant doses by inhalation of radioactive dust. Such work should not be envisaged without special precautions. These could be wearing protective mask and gloves, working in a clean-bench.
  • 870
  • 04 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Power Generation Using Dielectric Elastomers
Power generation using dielectric elastomer (DE) artificial muscle is attracting attention because of its light weight, low cost, and high-efficiency. Since this method is a system that produces electricity without emitting carbon dioxide nor using rare earths, it would contribute to the goal of environmental sustainability. 
  • 1.8K
  • 30 Jun 2021
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