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Topic Review
The Physics of Flows in a Curved Channel
Microchannels with curved geometries have been employed for many applications in microfluidic devices in the past decades. The Dean vortices generated in such geometries have been manipulated using different methods to enhance the performance of devices in applications such as mixing, droplet sorting, and particle/cell separation. Understanding the effect of the manipulation method on the Dean vortices in different geometries can provide crucial information to be employed in designing high-efficiency microfluidic devices.
  • 383
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Yajnavalkya's 95 Years Cycle of Synchronisation
Yajnavalkya's 95 Years Cycle of Synchronisation is the model proposed by the great Indian philosopher Yajnavalkya which explains the mathematical concept of the synchronisation of the motions of the Sun and the Moon. Yajnavalkya invented the 95 years of the periodic cycle, when the solar and lunar motions get synchronised. This 95 years of the periodic cycle is also known as Yajnavalkya Cycle. 
  • 551
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators’ circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain.
  • 159
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Photonic Bound States in the Continuum in Nanostructures
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) have garnered considerable attention recently for their unique capacity to confine electromagnetic waves within an open or non-Hermitian system. Utilizing a variety of light confinement mechanisms, nanostructures can achieve ultra-high quality factors and intense field localization with BIC, offering advantages such as long-living resonance modes, adaptable light control, and enhanced light-matter interactions, paving the way for innovative developments in photonics. 
  • 140
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Space Weather Infrastructure in Africa
Space weather science has been a growing field in Africa since 2007. This growth in infrastructure and human capital development has been accompanied by the deployment of ground-based observing infrastructure, most of which was donated by foreign institutions or installed and operated by foreign establishments. 
  • 210
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Grahan Mala
Grahan Mala is an astronomical treatise on the calculation of the dates and timings for the lunar and solar eclipses written by the Indian Astronomer Hemangad Thakur in the 16th century AD.
  • 867
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Image-Guided Surgical and Pharmacotherapeutic Routines
Medical procedures have moved from a direct fully invasive “hand-eye” pairing process to a minimal invasive (MI) process with robot-imaging pairing in a closed-loop treatment architecture. Acts related to the invasive nature mainly concern surgical interventions (SIs) and the restricted dispensing of drugs. Currently, both of these procedures can use MI image-guided (IG) robotics, which enables patient comfort and safety, and medical staff accuracy and efficiency.
  • 146
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Silicon-Based Avalanche Photodiodes in Medical Imaging
Avalanche photodiodes have emerged as a promising technology with significant potential for various medical applications. Avalanche photodiodes offer distinct advantages over traditional photodetectors, including a higher responsivity, faster response times, and superior signal-to-noise ratios. These characteristics make avalanche photodiodes particularly suitable for medical-imaging modalities that require a high detection efficiency, excellent timing resolution, and enhanced spatial resolution.
  • 244
  • 13 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Imaging Techniques for Morphological Characterization of Magnetic Films
Microscopy imaging techniques are critical for the morphological characterization of thin films because they provide nanoscale structural and compositional information that impacts properties. Techniques discussed below reveal grain size, grain boundaries, surface roughness and interfaces, and defects at high resolution. When coupled with spectroscopy, microscopy may provide compositional mapping and magnetic information. This multiscale morphological information is key to elucidating structure–property relationships in thin films.
  • 192
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Planetary Radar
Planetary radar observations have provided invaluable information on the solar system through both ground-based and space-based observations. The radar technology is a remote-sensing method for planetary exploration and the methods to interpret the radar data have advanced in the eight decades of increasing use, where the field stands in the early 2020s, and what are the future prospects of the ground-based facilities conducting planetary radar observations and the planned spacecraft missions equipped with radar instruments. 
  • 300
  • 11 Dec 2023
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