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Topic Review
Gloss Measurements
The appearance of a surface depends on four main appearance attributes, namely color, gloss, texture, and translucency. Gloss is an important attribute that people use to understand surface appearance, right after color.
  • 109
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Types of Liquid Crystal Biosensors
Interactions between liquid crystal molecules and target analytes open up various biosensing applications for quick screening and point-of-care applications. There exist different kinds of biosensors, such as electrochemical, wearable, amperometric, potentiometric, optical, impedimetric and thermometric. Liquid crystal (LC) biosensors belong to the type of optical biosensors, which employ its anisotropy and sensitivity to external stimuli. As it is known, LCs are highly sensitive to environment changes, e.g., temperature, electric fields and surface interactions. The inherent property of LCs to respond to external stimuli gives LC biosensors a high potential to contribute to the new biosensing era. 
  • 418
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Wavefront Sensors and Aberration Sensors in Ophthalmology
The wavefront sensor is one of the main elements of the adaptive vision correction system. Its task is to measure the aberrations of the wavefront and transmit the results of these measurements to the processing device. The main causes of wavefront aberrations in the eye are the shape and optical properties of the cornea, pupil and lens. In modern diagnostic devices, wave aberrations are described in terms of Zernike polynomials (OSA and ANSI standards). Nowadays, there are a wide variety of wavefront sensors.
  • 152
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Liquid Crystal Lenses
Liquid crystal (LC) lenses may be used by themselves or as a supplement of glass lenses, e.g., to tune up the power of the glass lens within a certain range, with functionality equivalent to commercial progressive lenses, but with improved performance since the power of the whole lens is modified by a sensor providing autofocus, as in digital cameras.
  • 252
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Detection System for DDoS Attacks
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, advanced persistent threats, and malware actively compromise the availability and security of Internet services. A DDoS attack is a vindictive attempt from numerous frameworks to make PC/network assets inaccessible to its expected clients, more often than not, by blocking/interrupting services associated with the organization of the network/Internet.
  • 206
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Chemiluminescence Measurements of Premixed Flames Applying Abel Transform
The temperature field and chemiluminescence measurements of axisymmetric flame are obtained simultaneously in only one image. Digital Laser Speckle Displacement measures temperature fields, and direct image flame determines chemiluminescence values. Applying the Abel transform of axisymmetric objects for volume visualization requires smooth intensity profiles. Due to the nature of the experimental setup, direct image flame is corrupted with speckle noise and a crosstalk effect. These undesirable effects deteriorate the measurement results. Then, experimental data need crosstalk correction and speckle noise reduction to improve the measurements. 
  • 237
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Silicon and Silicon Carbide Recrystallization by Laser Annealing
Modifying material properties within a specific spatial region is a pivotal stage in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. Laser annealing emerges as a compelling technology, offering precise control over the crystalline structure of semiconductor materials and facilitating the activation of doping ions in localized regions. This obviates the necessity for annealing the entire wafer or device. 
  • 194
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Navigation of Mobile Robot
Mobile robot navigation is a study area with several potential applications, both military and nonmilitary. Nonetheless, a great deal of problems remain, and many of them will probably need to be addressed using either a novel theory or another approach. The autonomous navigation of mobile robots has been studied by several researchers. Robots may encounter static interior environments or dynamic environments that change swiftly. The mobile robot’s goals may include reaching a particular place, following a predetermined course, or mapping out a space for later use. Many studies have been conducted throughout the world regarding this. Different methodologies were proposed on this topic, each with its advantages and disadvantages based on the recursive research. Navigation of a mobile robot involves determining the robot’s trajectory through an environment to reach a desired goal location while avoiding obstacles. 
  • 151
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
The Physics of Flows in a Curved Channel
Microchannels with curved geometries have been employed for many applications in microfluidic devices in the past decades. The Dean vortices generated in such geometries have been manipulated using different methods to enhance the performance of devices in applications such as mixing, droplet sorting, and particle/cell separation. Understanding the effect of the manipulation method on the Dean vortices in different geometries can provide crucial information to be employed in designing high-efficiency microfluidic devices.
  • 381
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Yajnavalkya's 95 Years Cycle of Synchronisation
Yajnavalkya's 95 Years Cycle of Synchronisation is the model proposed by the great Indian philosopher Yajnavalkya which explains the mathematical concept of the synchronisation of the motions of the Sun and the Moon. Yajnavalkya invented the 95 years of the periodic cycle, when the solar and lunar motions get synchronised. This 95 years of the periodic cycle is also known as Yajnavalkya Cycle. 
  • 551
  • 25 Dec 2023
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