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Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Development
Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by various genomic alterations that play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. Efforts in precision medicine aimed at improving diagnosis, prevention, and surveillance based on genetic alterations are advancing. Notably, no tumor markers surpass prostate-specific antigen in specificity, and existing treatments primarily target the androgen receptor axis, with exceptions for patients with alterations in homologous recombination repair-related genes, such as BRCA1/2 and ATM, who may benefit from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
  • 183
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Colorimetric Whole-Cell Biosensors
Colorimetric whole-cell biosensors are natural or genetically engineered microorganisms utilized to detect target molecules and ions as indicators of pollutants and biological activity in the environment. Upon detection, within specific concentration ranges which vary depending on the microorganism and its genetic circuitry among other factors, these sensors produce pigments which can be detected with the human eye past certain thresholds and quantified using simple analytical techniques, namely spectrophotometry. These sensors, which can be rendered portable through lyophilization and other methods, provide valuable and reliable substitutes of more demanding analytical ex situ techniques. 
  • 169
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mast Cells in Cardiac Remodeling
In response to various stressors, cardiac chambers undergo structural remodeling. Long-term exposure of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure or volume overload leads to its maladaptive remodeling, associated with RV failure and increased mortality. While left ventricular adverse remodeling is well understood and therapeutic options are available or emerging, RV remodeling remains underexplored, and no specific therapies are currently available. 
  • 198
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Packaging Systems for Mushrooms
Desirable techno-functional properties of packaging materials such as permeability and mechanical and thermal properties play a key role in maintaining quality by preventing off-flavour development, contamination, browning, and softening, thereby extending the shelf life of mushrooms. Regardless of the type of packaging system, they all play an important role in maintaining or improving the quality of mushrooms and extending their shelf life. Each packaging system has unique performance characteristics defining their strengths/benefits in terms of preserving edible mushrooms, safety, and circular economy impact.
  • 269
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cuttings of Malus Rootstock Resources
Apple (Malus Mill.) is one of the most important fruits in China, and it boasts the world’s largest cultivation area and yield. It needs to be grafted onto rootstocks to maintain a variety of characteristics. China has many apple rootstock resources that exhibit high resistance and strong adaptability; for these reasons, they are highly suited to China’s complex and diverse natural environment. In China, apple rootstock breeding began in the 1970s, and now, several rootstocks, such as the ‘GM256’ and ‘SH’ series, are widely used.
  • 152
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
High-Density Lipoprotein and Multiple Myeloma
Lipid metabolism is intrinsically linked to tumorigenesis. And one of the most important characteristics of cancer is the modification of lipid metabolism and its correlation with oncogenic signaling pathways within the tumors. Because lipids function as signaling molecules, membrane structures, and energy sources, lipids are essential to the development of cancer.
  • 131
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Reducing Food Waste
Food waste is a serious global problem. Efforts to reduce food waste are closely linked to the concepts of circular economy and sustainability.
  • 154
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Central Autonomic Mechanisms in Laryngeal Activity and Vocalization
In humans, speech is a complex process that requires the coordinated involvement of various components of the phonatory system, which are monitored by the central nervous system. The larynx in particular plays a crucial role, as it enables the vocal folds to meet and converts the exhaled air from our lungs into audible sounds. Voice production requires precise and sustained exhalation, which generates an air pressure/flow that creates the pressure in the glottis required for voice production. Voluntary vocal production begins in the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC), a structure found in all mammals, although the specific location in the cortex varies in humans. The LMC interfaces with various structures of the central autonomic network associated with cardiorespiratory regulation to allow the perfect coordination between breathing and vocalization. The main subcortical structure involved in this relationship is the mesencephalic periaqueductal grey matter (PAG). The PAG is the perfect link to the autonomic pontomedullary structures such as the parabrachial complex (PBc), the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus (KF), the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and the nucleus retroambiguus (nRA), which modulate cardiovascular autonomic function activity in the vasomotor centers and respiratory activity at the level of the generators of the laryngeal-respiratory motor patterns that are essential for vocalization. 
  • 123
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Epigenetics of BC and the Role of miR-125
Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and it is characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis, resulting in an equally complex classification of subtypes. MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have an essential role in gene expression and are significantly linked to tumor development and angiogenesis in different types of cancer. miR-125 is a highly conserved family of microRNAs whose members have also been found in nematodes (named lin-4 in 1993, the first miR described ever).
  • 121
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Polyphenol-Mediated Enzyme Regulation
Polyphenols are involved in enzyme regulation, with a wide range of biological activities, and can interact with proteins through hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions can influence the function of enzymes, potentially altering their activity.
  • 100
  • 27 Feb 2024
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