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Topic Review
The Role of EGCG on Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome includes a group of risk factors: elevated blood sugar, insulin resistance, excessive body fat, visceral obesity, elevated blood cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea and is attributed to antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, and the likelihood of targeting multiple metabolic pathways. It has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-arteriosclerotic, and weight-reducing effects in humans. Worldwide, the incidences of metabolic diseases have been escalating across all age groups in modern society. Therefore, EGCG is being increasingly investigated to address the problems. This review presents the current updates on the effects of EGCG on metabolic diseases, and highlights evidence related to its safety.
  • 268
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Being of mesodermal origin, ASCs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells) can be easily induced to differentiate into chondrocyte-like and osteocyte-like elements and used to repair damaged tissues. Moreover, they can be easily harvested and used for autologous implantation. A plethora of ASC-based strategies are being developed worldwide: they include the transplantation of freshly harvested cells, in vitro expanded cells or predifferentiated cells. Moreover, improving their positive effects, ASCs can be implanted in combination with several types of scaffolds that ensure the correct cell positioning; support cell viability, proliferation and migration; and may contribute to their osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. Examples of these strategies are described here, showing the enormous therapeutic potential of ASCs in this field. For safety and regulatory issues, most investigations are still at the experimental stage and carried out in vitro and in animal models. Clinical applications have, however, been reported with promising results and no serious adverse effects.
  • 386
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gene–Diet Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes
Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries.
  • 384
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Immunological Disturbance in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a wide and variable set of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including deficits in social communication, narrow and restricted interests, and repetitive behavior.  The immune system consists of a set of molecules and cells that are organized in tissues and organs while functioning close interacting to generate a protective response against invaders. Two components of immunity are recognized: innate and adaptive. T cell subtypes secrete variable cytokines that counter-regulate each other, and an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways is seen that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism.
  • 321
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Sample Preparation Methods of Edible Oils
The matrix of edible oils is complex, and it is necessary to perform efficient sample preparation to extract the target components before detection. Sample preparation generally includes steps such as sample collection, extraction, purification, and concentration. 
  • 274
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
CTA in the Carcinogenic Potentiality Assessment of Nanomaterials
Cell transformation assays (CTAs) present a realistic screening platform for known and emerging nanomaterials (NMs) by examining their resemblance to the hallmark of malignancy, including high proliferation rates, loss of contact inhibition, the gain of anchorage-independent growth, cellular invasion, dysregulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis resistance, and ability to form tumors in experimental animals. Through the deliberate transformation of cells via chronic NM exposure, researchers can investigate the tumorigenic properties of NMs and the underlying mechanisms of cancer development. 
  • 422
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lipid-Based Delivery Systems for Flavonoids and Flavonolignans
Herbal chemicals with a long history in medicine have attracted a lot of attention. Flavonolignans and flavonoids are considered as two classes of the above-mentioned compounds with different functional groups which exhibit several therapeutic capabilities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Based on the studies, high hydrophobic properties of the aforementioned compounds limit their bioavailability inside the human body and restrict their wide application. Nanoscale formulations such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and other types of lipid-based delivery systems have been introduced to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. This approach allows the aforementioned hydrophobic therapeutic compounds to be encapsulated between hydrophobic structures, resulting in improving their bioavailability. The above-mentioned enhanced delivery system improves delivery to the targeted sites and reduces the daily required dosage.
  • 605
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Genes in Fermented Foods
Fermented food products are widely consumed for their nutritional and health-promoting properties, earning them a central place in diets around the globe. However, these foods can present a paradox, as they have the potential to harbor not only beneficial probiotics but also antibiotic-resistant (AR) microbes and genes. The impact of AR microbes and genes in fermented foods has far-reaching implications, such as potential effects on human health, repercussions in the food industry, and environmental consequences. 
  • 336
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Formation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are commonly encountered in elderly individuals aged over 70 years, as they tend to be associated with brain atrophy. As the population ages worldwide, the incidence of CSDH is on the rise at an estimated rate of 1.7 to 21 per 100,000 people per year.
  • 496
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Links between Human Papillomavirus, HSV, and Cervical Cancer
There is a significant body of research examining the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, with a particular emphasis on the oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7. What is less well explored, however, is the relationship between cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus (HSV). To date, studies examining the role of HSV in cervical cancer pathogenesis have yielded mixed results. Should this relationship be clarified, treating and preventing HSV could open another avenue with which to prevent cervical cancer. An overview of HSV and HPV infections and then delves into the possible links between HPV, HSV, and cervical cancer are discussed. It concludes with a summary of preventive measures against and recent treatment advances in cervical cancer.
  • 263
  • 28 Jul 2023
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