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Topic Review
Mechanisms of Neutrophil Activation
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are major contributors to inflammation and autoimmunity, playing a key role in the development of thrombotic disorders. NETs, composed of DNA, histones, and numerous other proteins serve as scaffolds for thrombus formation and promote platelet activation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction.
  • 353
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is the only family member of the EGRF/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases that lacks an active kinase domain (KD), which makes it an obligate binding partner with other receptors for its oncogenic role. When HER3 is activated in a ligand-dependent (NRG1/HRG) or independent manner, it can bind to other receptors (the most potent binding partner is HER2) to regulate many biological functions (growth, survival, nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, etc.) through the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway. 
  • 289
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioaccumulation Mechanism of NoVs in Oysters
Noroviruses (NoVs) are major foodborne pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. Oysters are significant carriers of this pathogen, and disease transmission from the consumption of NoVs-infected oysters occurs worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of virus bioaccumulation in food matrices and developing more advanced assays to detect virus concentrations in matrices can provide prerequisites for subsequent efficient virus inactivation, thereby reducing the risk of viral transmission and maintaining food safety.
  • 267
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Patient-Derived Xenografts for Cancer Research
The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model is the in vivo standard for cancer research as a preclinical platform.
  • 239
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Spherical Nanoparticles
An up-to-date overview of the current state of the art of polysaccharide-based spherical particles as carriers of active/bioactive substances, with a particular emphasis on their applications in the food industry, is provided. Owing to the rapid advances in nanotechnology, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and potential uses of these particles.
  • 841
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Vine and Wine Sustainability in a Cooperative Ecosystem
The world is changing, and climate change has become a serious issue. Organizations, governments, companies, and consumers are becoming more conscious of this impact and are combining their forces to minimize it. Cooperatives have a business model that differs from those in the private or public sector. They operate according to their own principles of cooperation, which makes it difficult to obtain results that are in harmony with the objectives of the organization and the cooperative members.
  • 222
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Wine Microorganisms' Role in Formation of Ethyl Carbamate
Ethyl carbamate, the ethyl ester of carbamic acid, has been identified in fermented foods and alcoholic beverages. Since ethyl carbamate is a probable human carcinogen, reduction of its content is important for food safety and human health. In alcoholic beverages, ethyl carbamate is mostly formed from the reaction of ethanol with urea, citrulline and carbamyl phosphate during fermentation and storage. These precursors are generated from arginine metabolism by wine yeasts and lactic acid bacteria. 
  • 261
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Optical Sensors in Mechanobiology
Optical sensors play a central role in the study of mechanobiology by enabling the accurate detection and measurement of mechanical forces and their effects on biological systems. Mechanobiology explores how mechanical forces influence cellular processes, tissue development, and overall physiological functions.
  • 349
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Neuroinflammation in Stroke and Trauma Patients
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control.
  • 299
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flavones in Hypertensive Disease
Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the United States. Excess dietary salt consumption, which is a catalyst of hypertension, initiates an inflammatory cascade via activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This pro-inflammatory response is driven primarily by sodium ions (Na+) transporting into APCs by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation, leading to high levels of oxidative stress. Flavonoids, a natural phenolic compound, have these therapeutic benefits and can potentially serve as anti-hypertensives. Flavones are a type of flavonoid that have increased anti-inflammatory effects that may allow them to act as therapeutic agents for hypertension, including diosmetin, which is able to induce significant arterial vasodilation in several different animal models.
  • 382
  • 02 Nov 2023
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