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Topic Review
Neutrophils in Obesity
Obesity is characterized by an increase in body weight associated with an exaggerated enlargement of the adipose tissue. Accumulation of fat in adipose tissue causes stress and malfunction of adipocytes, which then initiate inflammation. Next, adipose tissue is infiltrated by cells of the innate immune system. It has become evident that neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in blood, are the first immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue. Neutrophils then get activated and release inflammatory factors that recruit macrophages and other immune cells. These immune cells, in turn, perpetuate the inflammation state by producing cytokines and chemokines that can reach other parts of the body, creating a systemic inflammatory condition.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
MIP-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Despite the tremendous efforts made in the past decades, severe side/toxic effects and poor bioavailability still represent the main challenges that hinder the clinical translation of drug molecules. This has turned the attention of investigators towards drug delivery vehicles that provide a localized and controlled drug delivery. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as novel and versatile drug delivery vehicles have been widely studied in recent years due to the advantages of selective recognition, enhanced drug loading, sustained release, and robustness in harsh conditions. This review highlights the design and development of strategies undertaken for MIPs used as drug delivery vehicles involving different drug delivery mechanisms, such as rate-programmed, stimuli-responsive and active targeting, published during the course of the past five years. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review Video
Effects of Colony Cages on Chickens
There is growing interest in keeping meat chickens in modern colony cages (CCs) rather than conventional litter-floor barns. Researchers aim to determine the animal welfare impacts of CCs using slatted flooring, in comparison to litter-based non-cage systems. Significant welfare concerns exist about CCs, centring around behavioural deprivation. Given that over 70 billion chickens are farmed then slaughtered each year globally, widespread implementation of CCs would create a major animal welfare concern. 
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
LYST Gene
Lysosomal trafficking regulator
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Structural Variation
Mutations in DNA can be limited to one or a few nucleotides, or encompass larger deletions, insertions, duplications, inversions and translocations that span long stretches of DNA or even full chromosomes. These so-called structural variations (SVs) can alter the gene copy number, modify open reading frames, change regulatory sequences or chromatin structure and thus result in major phenotypic changes. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 May 2021
Topic Review
Mangrove Forest Functions and Services
Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in the world. Playing critical roles in maintaining the health and productivity of coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range of services and functions, including habitat for local fauna and flora, food and other goods, carbon sequestration, and protection from natural disasters such as storm surges and coastal erosion. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is traditionally cultivated in arid regions of the world, including the Arabian Peninsula. It is one of the oldest fruit trees, a key component of the food system, and is recognized as a symbol of prosperity in the Arab world.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Kinesin-1
The most of the transportations in cells are realized through a kind of proteins, the molecular motor. Molecular motor can be classed into three families, myosin, kinesin and dynein. Kinesin-1 (also called conventional kinesin) is the founding member of the kinesin family and mainly exists in the nerve axons to transport membranous organelles along the microtubule lattice. By using the energy stored in the ATP molecule, kinesin-1 can “walk” along the microtubule lattice in a hand-over-hand manner. In the walking process of the kinesin-1, the conformational changes of the compact motor domain transmit and amplify the small changes of the nucleotide-binding site to the force-generation element to produce the processive movement. The chemical cycle and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are highly coupled to ensure the processivity of the kinesin-1 and to avoid the futile ATP hydrolysis.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Botrytis Cnerea and Powdery Mildew
Synthetic controls of crop pathogens are increasingly associated with harm to the environment and human health, and pathogen resistance. Pesticide residues in crops can also act as non-tariff trade barriers. There is therefore a strong imperative to develop biologically based and natural product (NP) biofungicides as more sustainable alternatives for crop pathogen control. We demonstrate the field efficacy, over multiple seasons, of NP biofungicides, NP1 (based on anhydrous milk fat) and NP2 (based on soybean oil), on two major diseases of winegrapes—Botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis) and powdery mildew (PM). The NPs were integrated into a season-long integrated disease management programme that has produced chemical-residue-free wines. Efficacies for Botrytis control on three different varieties were: 63–97% on Chardonnay, 0–96% for Sauvignon Blanc and 46–58% on Riesling; with 65–98% PM control on Chardonnay and Riesling. NP2 exhibited the significant control of Botrytis latent infections, making it a viable alternative to mid-season synthetic fungicides. Disease control was significantly better than the untreated control and usually as efficacious as the synthetic fungicide treatment(s). Yields and wine quality in NP-treated crops were normally equivalent to those in the synthetic fungicide treatments. The results indicate that NP-mediated disease control of Botrytis and powdery mildew can be obtained in the vineyard, without synthetic fungicide input.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Salvadora persica
Salvadora persica (SP) extract, displays very valuable biotherapeutic capacities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Jun 2021
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