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Topic Review
The Bioproduction of L-Cysteine
L-cysteine is a proteogenic amino acid with many applications in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, and cosmetic industries. Due to safety and environmental issues in extracting L-cysteine from animal hair and feathers, the fermentative production of L-cysteine offers an attractive alternative using renewable feedstocks. 
  • 123
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bio-Based Edible Films and Coatings for Fruit Applications
Films and coatings have principal functionalities that are fundamental for increasing the shelf lives of food products. They need to achieve protection against UV light and the transfer of compounds (e.g., solutes, water vapor, organic vapors, and gases) between the food and the surrounding atmosphere. They also need to act as a barrier against mechanical damage. The addition of functional/bioactive compounds, such as nutrients, antioxidants, and antimicrobials, against bacterial and fungal proliferation can be performed. The nutritional value can be enhanced with microorganisms that confer health benefits, such as probiotics. Aromatic compounds and flavors can also be added as enhancing agents. Additionally, the final package should be biodegradable and utilize biological materials.
  • 187
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Improving Economically Valuable Traits in Crops
The purpose of crop quality improvement is to control and enhance the genetic characteristics of crops through breeding technology to boost the production performance of crops and to improve quality indicators such as palatability and nutrients. The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation of new technologies that make it possible to modify plant genomes by transferring and integrating into the genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well as inducing knockouts of one or more target genes of interest (genomic editing). The development of genome-editing methods is a new milestone in the development of modern breeding methods and certainly relies on the knowledge and technologies developed for transgenesis.
  • 106
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Role of Arginine Methyltransferases in Inflammatory Responses
The immune system protects our body from bacteria, viruses, and toxins and removes malignant cells. Activation of immune cells requires the onset of a network of important signaling proteins. Methylation of these proteins affects their structure and biological function. Under stimulation, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells undergo activation, development, proliferation, differentiation, and manufacture of cytokines and antibodies. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), a group of methyltransferases with a seven β-strand set, methylate proteins on arginine residues.
  • 117
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Etiology and Route of Access of Particulate Matter
The primary origin of particulate matter (PM) is from a combination of industrial activity, internal combustion engines, and geographic and meteorological conditions linked to the increased forest fires.
  • 116
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin in the Tumour Microenvironment
Trabectedin (TRB) and Lurbinectedin (LUR) are alkaloid compounds originally isolated from Ecteinascidia turbinata with proven antitumoral activity. Both molecules are structural analogues that differ on the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety of the C subunit in TRB, which is replaced by a tetrahydro-β-carboline in LUR.
  • 137
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Genomic Composition of Bovine Leukemia Virus
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most significant neoplastic disease in cattle. EBL is often overlooked in daily breeding processes due to the absence of obvious clinical symptoms.
  • 95
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Regulation of Angiogenesis by Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer
Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been identified as crucial regulators of various biological processes through epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation and activation of non-coding RNAs are closely associated with tumor angiogenesis, a process essential for tumor growth and metastasis and a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor angiogenesis is of utmost importance. Numerous studies have documented the involvement of different types of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of angiogenesis. 
  • 162
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ionic Selenium and Nanoselenium in Plant Metabolism
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in mammals; however, there is frequently an insufficient intake due to several factors. Different techniques have been used to deal with this problem, such as plant biofortification with Se in its ionic forms and at the nanoscale. Additionally, despite the fact that Se is not considered an essential element in plants, it has been shown to stimulate (through still unknown mechanisms) plant metabolism, causing an increase in the synthesis of molecules with reducing power, including enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, vitamins and chlorophylls.
  • 113
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Novel Therapeutic Agents for Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon secretion. DM is a non-infectious disease caused by the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism, which culminates in persistent hyperglycemia.
  • 168
  • 22 Jan 2024
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