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Topic Review
Heavy Metals in Plants
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd), as one of the major environmentally toxic pollutants, has serious impacts on the growth, development, and physiological functions of plants and animals, leading to deterioration of environmental quality and threats to human health. 
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Awns
Awns are extending structures from lemmas in grasses and are very active in photosynthesis, contributing directly to the filling of the developing grain. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) awns are highly diverse in shape and length and are known to be controlled by multiple awn-related genes. The genetic effects of these genes on awn diversity and development in barley are multiplexed and include complementary effect, cumulative effect, duplicate effect, recessive epistasis, dominant epistasis, and inhibiting effect, each giving a unique modified Mendelian ratio of segregation. The complexity of gene interactions contributes to the awn diversity in barley. Excessive gene interactions create a challenging task for genetic mapping and specific strategies have to be developed for mapping genes with specific interactive effects. Awn gene interactions can occur at different levels of gene expression, from the transcription factor-mediated gene transcription to the regulation of enzymes and metabolic pathways. A better understanding of gene interactions will greatly facilitate deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying barley awn diversity and development. 
  • 1.6K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
L-Carnitine in Autism Spectrum Disorder
L-carnitine plays an important role in the functioning of the central nervous system, and especially in the mitochondrial metabolism of fatty acids. Altered carnitine metabolism, abnormal fatty acid metabolism in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been documented. ASD is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that is usually diagnosed in early childhood. Patients with ASD require careful classification as this heterogeneous clinical category may include patients with an intellectual disability or high functioning, epilepsy, language impairments, or associated Mendelian genetic conditions. L-carnitine participates in the long-chain oxidation of fatty acids in the brain, stimulates acetylcholine synthesis (donor of the acyl groups), stimulates expression of growth-associated protein-43, prevents cell apoptosis and neuron damage and stimulates neurotransmission.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
High-Throughput Sequencing in Aptamer selection
Aptamers, short single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules capable of specific binding to a target of interest, are gaining in research interest due to their versatile application potential as analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutics agents.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Feb 2021
Topic Review
LABs and Silage Production
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered potent natural additives for animal feed production due to the efficient production of biological metabolites—notably, higher lactic acid content with marginal level acetic acid and other organic acids. Furthermore, LAB can utilize water-soluble carbohydrates and convert them into valuable organic acids, which increase the acidification of the surrounding environment. Rapid acidification (lower pH) could help to prevent undesirable microbial growth and toxic secondary metabolite secretion.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Plants
Plant transcriptomes encompass a large number of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), only some of which have protein-coding capacity. Since their initial discovery, ncRNAs have been classified into two broad categories based on their biogenesis and mechanisms of action, housekeeping ncRNAs and regulatory ncRNAs. With advances in RNA sequencing technology and computational methods, bioinformatics resources continue to emerge and update rapidly, including workflow for in silico ncRNA analysis, up-to-date platforms, databases, and tools dedicated to ncRNA identification and functional annotation.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Thioxanthenes
Thioxanthenes are one of the three major groups of antipsychotics (the others being phenothiazines and butyrophenones).  Thioxanthene is a chemical compound having a central triple ring structure closely related to one of the other group of antipsychotics (phenothiazines, which also has the triple ring). The major structural difference between the two classes is that the carbon in position 10 in thioxanthenes is replaced by a nitrogen atom in phenothiazines. In thioxanthenes, this C10  shares a double bond with the side chain. Thioxanthenes are represented in two geometric stereoisomers: Z- and E-compounds.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Erysipelas
Erysipelas (/ˌɛrəˈsɪpələs/) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin. It is a form of cellulitis and is potentially serious. Erysipelas is usually caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A β-hemolytic streptococci, through a break in the skin such as from scratches or an insect bite. It is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated. The term is from Greek ἐρυσίπελας (erysípelas), meaning "red skin". In animals, erysipelas is a disease caused by infection with the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The disease caused in animals is called Diamond Skin Disease, which occurs especially in pigs. Heart valves and skin are affected. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can also infect humans, but in that case, the infection is known as erysipeloid.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Natural Antioxidants in Cosmetic Formulation
A natural antioxidant can be a single pure compound/isolate, a combination of compounds, or plant extracts; these antioxidants are widely used in cosmetic products.
  • 1.6K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Digital PCR and plant studies
Digital PCR (dPCR) is a breakthrough technology that able to provide sensitive and absolute nucleic acid quantification. It is a third-generation technology in the field of nucleic acid amplification. A unique feature of the technique is that of dividing the sample into numerous separate compartments, in each of which an independent amplification reaction takes place. Several instrumental platforms have been developed for this purpose, and different statistical approaches are available for reading the digital output data.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Dec 2020
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