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Topic Review
Procrastination during COVID-19 Pandemic
Procrastination involves voluntarily or habitually delaying unpleasant tasks for later. It is characterized by short-term benefits and long-term costs. The COVID-19 pandemic set specific circumstances that may have influenced procrastination behavior. Procrastination behavior was related to anxiety, distress, time management, self-control, and other variables. There is limited information about interventions to prevent or decrease procrastinating behaviors in the context of confinement or in the living conditions generated by the pandemic. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of diabetic foot in the world is about 6%, and it is estimated that approximately one out of every six diabetic individuals will experience a foot ulcer in their life. In those individuals, DFU increases mortality and morbidity as well as the risk of going through amputation. Patients with DFU, especially if it does not heal or recurs, report poor quality of life (QoL). DFU is associated with frequent hospitalization and rising costs of treatment. DFU pathophysiology is due to neuropathy, trauma, and peripheral artery occlusive disease (Peripheral neuropathy, including both sensory and motor fibers as well as autonomic nerve fibers, is often an underdiagnosed complication in patients with diabetes.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality and Pollution in Time of COVID-19
Researchers proposes an assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic positive and negative impacts on water bodies on different continents. Regarding the positive impacts, the SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in sewage waters is a useful mechanism in the promptly exposure of community infections and, during the pandemic, many water bodies all over the world had lower pollution levels. The negative impacts are as follows: SARS-CoV-2 presence in untreated sewage water amplifies the risk to human health; there is a lack of adequate elimination processes of plastics, drugs, and biological pollution in wastewater treatment plants; the amount of municipal and medical waste that pollutes water bodies increased; and waste recycling decreased. Urgent preventive measures need to be taken to implement effective solutions for water protection.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nonthermal Decontamination of Raw and Processed Meat
Meat may contain natural, spoilage, and pathogenic microorganisms based on the origin and characteristics of its dietary matrix. Several decontamination substances are used during or after meat processing, which include chlorine, organic acids, inorganic phosphates, benzoates, propionates, bacteriocins, or oxidizers. Unfortunately, traditional decontamination methods are often problematic because of their adverse impact on the quality of the raw carcass or processed meat. The extended shelf-life of foods is a response to the pandemic trend, whereby consumers are more likely to choose durable products that can be stored for a longer period between visits to food stores. This includes changing purchasing habits from “just in time” products “for now” to “just in case” products, a trend that will not fade away with the end of the pandemic.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Subcellular Localization of Membrane-Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical enzymes involved in a variety of cellular processes. MMPs are well known for their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their extracellular role in cell migration. Membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a transmembrane protein, is first known to localize to the cell membrane.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Antarctic Circumpolar Current
File:Thermohaline Circulation using Improved Flow Field.ogv The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows clockwise (as seen from the South Pole) from west to east around Antarctica. An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift. The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport estimated at 100-150 Sverdrups (Sv, million m³/s), or possibly even higher, making it the largest ocean current. The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica, enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet. Associated with the Circumpolar Current is the Antarctic Convergence, where the cold Antarctic waters meet the warmer waters of the subantarctic, creating a zone of upwelling nutrients. These nurture high levels of phytoplankton with associated copepods and krill, and resultant foodchains supporting fish, whales, seals, penguins, albatrosses, and a wealth of other species. The ACC has been known to sailors for centuries; it greatly speeds up any travel from west to east, but makes sailing extremely difficult from east to west, although this is mostly due to the prevailing westerly winds. Jack London's story "Make Westing" and the circumstances preceding the mutiny on the Bounty poignantly illustrate the difficulty it caused for mariners seeking to round Cape Horn westbound on the clipper ship route from New York to California. The eastbound clipper route, which is the fastest sailing route around the world, follows the ACC around three continental capes – Cape Agulhas (Africa), South East Cape (Australia), and Cape Horn (South America). The current creates the Ross and Weddell gyres.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Design 1095 Ship
The Design 1095 ship was an Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) design for a troop transport to be built at New York Shipbuilding Corporation and delivered to the United States Shipping Board (USSB) that, at the end of World War I hostilities, was modified to a combined passenger and cargo vessel. The contract was for thirteen ships, EFC hulls 2579 though 2591, but later adjusted to seven ships with the remainder being changed during construction to the slightly larger ships of EFC Design 1029 built from the start as passenger and cargo ships rather than being modified from the troop ship plan. After initial service as USSB owned ships operated by agents, United States Lines in Atlantic service between New York and Europe with five ships and two ships with Swayne and Hoyt with the Pacific-Argentine-Brazil Line, the ships were sold in 1923 to Robert Dollar Company which initiated the Dollar and successor American President Lines' tradition of naming ships after presidents. The ships inaugurated Dollar's "Round-the-World" service which was continued by American President Lines with additional ships. During World War II the seven ships were used as troop transports, three being converted to hospital ships (2 Army and 1 Navy) and three were lost. The three ships built as Old North State, Panhandle State and Blue Hen State became hospital ships and survived the war. Creole State served as a transport and began conversion to a hospital ship in the closing days of the war but the conversion stopped with peace upon which she was reconverted to become an Army transport for dependent repatriation. Two, President Taylor, built as Granite State and President Grant, built as Centennial State, became total losses after groundings. The ship built as Wolverine State and President Harrison at the time, was on a second voyage to evacuate Marines and civilians from China sailing after 7 December 1941, was grounded in an attempt to deny use by the Japanese, but salvaged and named Kachidoki Maru. While transporting British prisoners of war Kachidoki Maru was torpedoed and sunk by USS Pampanito on 12 September 1944.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
High-Performance and Parallel Computing Techniques
The transition towards net-zero emissions is inevitable for humanity’s future. Of all the sectors, electrical energy systems emit the most emissions. This urgently requires the witnessed accelerating technological landscape to transition towards an emission-free smart grid. It involves massive integration of intermittent wind and solar-powered resources into future power grids. Additionally, new paradigms such as large-scale integration of distributed resources into the grid, proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and electrification of different sectors are envisioned as essential enablers for a net-zero future. However, these changes will lead to unprecedented size, complexity and data of the planning and operation problems of future grids. It is thus important to discuss and consider High Performance Computing (HPC), parallel computing, and cloud computing prospects in any future electrical energy studies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Alternative System for Secondary Metabolite Production
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds widely used as medicaments, food additives, perfumes, and agrochemicals. These secondary compounds are produced under stress conditions to carry out physiological tasks in plants. Secondary metabolites have a complex chemical structure with pharmacological properties. The widespread use of these metabolites in a lot of industrial sectors has raised the need to increase the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnological methods of cell culture allow the conservation of plants, as well as the improvement of metabolite biosynthesis and the possibility to modify the synthesis pathways.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Sensors
Due to the wide application of wearable electronic devices in daily life, research into flexible electronics has become very attractive. Various polymer-based sensors have emerged with great sensing performance and excellent extensibility. It is well known that different structural designs each confer their own unique, great impacts on the properties of materials. For polymer-based pressure/strain sensors, different structural designs determine different response-sensing mechanisms, thus showing their unique advantages and characteristics. 
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Fog-Based IoT Platform Performance Modeling and Optimization
A fog-based IoT platform model involving three layers, i.e., IoT devices, fog nodes, and the cloud, was proposed using an open Jackson network with feedback. The system performance was analyzed for individual subsystems, and the overall system was based on different input parameters. Interesting performance metrics were derived from analytical results. A resource optimization problem was developed and solved to determine the optimal service rates at individual fog nodes under some constraint conditions.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Orthotropic Steel–UHPC Composite Deck
Although orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) have been widely used in the construction of long-span bridges, there are frequently reported fatigue cracks after years of operation, and the bridge deck overlay also presents severe damage due to OSD crack-induced stiffness reduction. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), recognized as the most innovative cementitious composites and the next generation of high-performance materials, shows high strength, ductility, toughness, and good performance on durability. After its first application to the OSD bridge in the early 2000s, the orthotropic steel–UHPC composite deck has been comprehensively studied worldwide.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Causes and Mechanisms of Supercapacitor Ag(e)ing and Degradation
The most prominent and highly visible advantage attributed to supercapacitors of any type and application, beyond their most notable feature of high current and power capability, is their high stability in terms of lifetime, number of possible charge/discharge cycles or other stability-related properties. Actual devices show more or less pronounced deterioration of performance parameters during time and use, they show ageing.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fashion Recommendation System Using Deep Learning
Recommender systems are one of the great improvements in Internet technology and e-commerce, and the origins of modern recommender systems date back to the early 1990s when they were mainly applied experimentally to personal email and information filtering. Later, recommender systems went through numerous improvements to facilitate users’ navigation through fashion, videos, books, papers, and especially e-commerce.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Generative AI on Cultural Translation in Jewelry Design
The current proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) is prominently shaping the design industry. Generative AI, such as text-to-image and image-to-image models, has gained widespread use, notably for its efficiency and quality improvements. Leveraging AI image generators has shifted the designer’s focus from technical tasks to strategic decisions related to visual appeal, cognitive engagement, and emotional resonance. Furthermore, the challenges inherent in human–AI collaboration have been revealed, stemming from communication difficulties and the risk of fixating on specific details to stylistic constraints.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gray Seal
The Gray Seal, scientifically known as Halichoerus grypus, is a marine mammal renowned for its distinctive appearance and widespread distribution across the North Atlantic Ocean. Characterized by its robust build, long whiskers, and mottled gray fur, the Gray Seal is a highly adaptable species found inhabiting coastal waters, rocky shores, and sandy beaches from Canada to Europe. As a top predator in marine ecosystems, the Gray Seal plays a crucial role in regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ion Exchange Membranes by NMR
An ion-exchange membrane lets pass certain ions while blocking other ions or neutral molecules. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique for determining the content, purity, and molecular structure of a sample. NMR methods provide the unique possibility of acquiring detailed information on the state of molecules and ions, the local molecular and ionic mobility, and the diffusion on the spatial scale from several tenths of nanometer to several millimeters.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Optic Flow in Postural Control
Optic flow stimuli are crucial for the control of stance in the upright position. The visual control of posture has recently received a lot of interest from several researchers. One of the most intriguing aspects is the contribution of the different parts of the visual field in the control of stance.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Job Shop Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) are manufacturing systems that can fabricate diverse product types simultaneously under programmed control at various workstations.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Tuning between Nuclear Organization and Functionality in Health
The organization of eukaryotic genome in the nucleus, a double-membraned organelle separated from the cytoplasm, is highly complex and dynamic. The functional architecture of the nucleus is confined by the layers of internal and cytoplasmic elements, including chromatin organization, nuclear envelope associated proteome and transport, nuclear–cytoskeletal contacts, and the mechano-regulatory signaling cascades. The size and morphology of the nucleus could impose a significant impact on nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, gene expression, cell functionality and disease development. The maintenance of nuclear organization during genetic or physical perturbation is crucial for the viability and lifespan of the cell. Abnormal nuclear envelope morphologies, such as invagination and blebbing, have functional implications in several human disorders, including cancer, accelerated aging, thyroid disorders, and different types of neuro-muscular diseases. 
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Mar 2023
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