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Topic Review
Vitamin K and Age-Associated Diseases
Vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 May 2021
Topic Review
Lymphocytes' Count and Frailty
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decrease in physiological reserve and reduced resistance to stress, as a result of an accumulation of multiple deficits in physiological systems. Frailty increases the vulnerability to adverse events and is associated with the aging process. Several studies show an association between frailty syndrome and altered blood lymphocyte levels in different clinical conditions, which is therefore potentially useful for monitoring interventions to improve or delay frailty at least in a subgroup of frail individuals. 
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Phage Therapy in Aquaculture Management
Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called as phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Zero-Waste City Construction in Xuzhou
The rapidly growing output of solid waste has brought tremendous pressure to urban development. China launched an action plan known as “Zero-waste city” (ZWC), that refers to an urban development model aimed at reducing the generation of and enhancing the recycling of solid waste, in order to alleviate environmental impacts. Xuzhou, as one of the 11 pilot cities selected by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, is the chosen object of this study. Based on the analysis of material flow and the national policy objectives, five main approaches are put forward in line with the characteristics of Xuzhou, and good results have been achieved in solid waste management through practical experience.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
The Lockean Proviso and Orbital Sustainability
Over the last decades, human have witnessed the gradual commercialization of the Earth orbit. The exponential development of private space activities makes this distant natural field, with the overcoming of technological difficulties, more and more hospitable to free initiative and entrepreneurship. However, the orbital space is considered global commons. Through the imaginary case method, researchers intend to ponder on possible ways to legally regulate the exploitation of the orbital space, namely the application of Pigouvian taxes, on the sustainability of the orbital environment, through ethical considerations originating from the application of the Lockean proviso. 
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Pros and Cons of Expanded Carrier Screening
Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) means using molecular techniques to simultaneously analyze multiple DNA mutations or genes responsible for several genetic diseases without a clear risk of inheritance in the individual/couple admitted to the test. In this way, it is possible to avoid biases related to incomplete familial information or difficulties related to the correct estimation of the ethnic risks, also considering the multiethnicity of modern societies. However, more data mean more information, including the so-called incidental findings and the consequent need to finely regulate ECS and the following communication of the obtained results.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Efficiency of Industrial Based on Network DEA Method
There are two main methods to study the efficiency of industrial sectors. The first is parametric method represented by stochastic frontier method (SFA). The other is the more widely used non-parametric method represented by data envelopment analysis (DEA), which makes up for the shortcomings of the SFA method. It does not need to specify a certain functional relationship between input and output. The operation process of the Chinese provincial industrial system consists of four stages, namely the production (P) stage, wastewater treatment (WWT) stage, solid waste treatment (SWT) stage, and sulfur dioxide treatment (SDT) stage. Based on this structure, a four-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is developed to evaluate the eco-efficiency, production efficiency, wastewater treatment efficiency, solid waste treatment efficiency, and sulfur dioxide treatment efficiency of provincial industrial systems in China, considering the undesirable output and variable returns to scale (VRS). 
  • 1.4K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation
The estimation of sex from osteological remains can be achieved using three major types of methods: morphological assessment (non-metric) of teeth and bone traits that exhibit dimorphic features, morphometric assessment (by measuring specific quantifiable features of bones and teeth) and biochemical analysis.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Emergency Airway Management
Emergency airway management (EAM) is a commonly performed procedure in the critical care setting. Despite clinical advances that help practitioners identify patients at risk for having a difficult airway, improved airway management tools, and algorithms that guide clinical decision-making, there remains significant morbidity and mortality associated with EAM.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ionic Liquids in Drug Delivery Systems
Advancements in the fields of ionic liquids (ILs) broaden its applications not only in traditional use but also in different pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Ionic liquids “Solutions for Your Success” have received a lot of interest from scientists due to a myriad of applications in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery systems as well as targeting different diseases. Solubility is a critical physicochemical property that determines the drug’s fate at the target site. Many promising drug candidates fail in various phases of drug research due to poor solubility.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer
Colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s colitis (CC). Patients with IBD are at increased risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC) compared to the general population. CACRC is preceded by IBD, characterized by highly heterogenous, pharmacologically incurable, pertinacious, worsening, and immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies of the colon and rectum. The molecular and immunological basis of CACRC is highly correlated with the duration and severity of inflammation, which is influenced by the exogenous free hemoglobin alpha chain (HbαC), a byproduct of infiltrating immune cells; extravasated erythrocytes; and macrophage erythrophagocytosis. The exogenous free HbαC prompts oxygen free radical-arbitrated DNA damage (DNAD) through increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is exacerbated by decreased tissue antioxidant defenses. Mitigation of the Fenton Reaction via pharmaceutical therapy would attenuate ROS, promote apoptosis and DNAD repair, and subsequently prevent the incidence of CACRC. Three pharmaceutical options that attenuate hemoglobin toxicity include haptoglobin, deferoxamine, and flavonoids (vitamins C/E). Haptoglobin’s clearance rate from plasma is inversely correlated with its size; the smaller the size, the faster the clearance. Thus, the administration of Hp1-1 may prove to be beneficial.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Academic Challenge Stress and Creativity
Creativity, a multidimensional construct, is commonly defined as the production of novel and useful ideas or solutions. The quality of graduate student cultivation, especially their level of creativity, largely determines the quantity and quality of innovative talents. Therefore, improvement of graduate student creativity is also considered as an important indicator for evaluating the quality of higher education. How to cultivate and stimulate graduate student creativity and thus enhance the innovation capacity and performance of universities has gradually become the focus of universities. However, creativity as an important feature of graduate student performance has received little academic attention.  Studies showed that challenge stress has a positive impact on an individual’s life, work, and personal growth. In addition, challenge stress is a positive stressor that enhances innovation performance.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Blanford's Fox
Blanford's Fox (Vulpes cana) is a captivating small carnivore found in arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and South Asia. Recognizable for its distinctive large ears and sandy-colored fur, this fox species is well-adapted to its desert habitat. Despite its elusive nature, Blanford's Fox plays a vital role in its ecosystem as a predator of small mammals and birds, contributing to the balance of desert food webs.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Klebsiella pneumoniae in Clinical Settings and the Environment
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Chirality
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality). The spin of a particle may be used to define a handedness, or helicity, for that particle, which, in the case of a massless particle, is the same as chirality. A symmetry transformation between the two is called parity transformation. Invariance under parity transformation by a Dirac fermion is called chiral symmetry.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Fungal Biosynthetic Gene Clusters for Production Secondary Metabolites
Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand, they are widely used as pharmaceutically significant drugs, such as antibiotics, statins, and immunosuppressants. A single fungus species in response to various signals can produce 100 or more secondary metabolites. Such signaling is possible due to the coordinated regulation of several dozen biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which are mosaically localized in different regions of fungal chromosomes.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Luso-Flemish Master of Lourinhã
The Master of Lourinhã masterpieces are the best that Renaissance painting produced in Portugal during the governance of King D. Manuel I, in the Luso-Flemish period. The paintings were commissioned c. 1515 by Queen D. Maria, second wife of King D. Manuel I. Its underdrawing, the fineness of the landscapes and the transparency of chromatic material, reveal the talent of a great flemish artist following Bruges and Antuerpian models.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Polyphenol Diet Improves Psychological Well-Being
A growing body of data has emerged suggesting a potential role for diet in psychological well-being. Polyphenols, which have anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties, have been of particular interest. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a high polyphenol diet (HPD) compared to a low polyphenol diet (LPD) on aspects of psychological well-being in the Polyphenol Intervention Trial (PPhIT). The HPD diet consisted of six portions of F&V (including one portion of berries per day) and 50 g of dark chocolate per day. The participants in the HPD group reported a decrease in depressive symptoms, and an improvement in physical component and mental health component scores. In summary, the study findings suggest that the adoption of a polyphenol-rich diet could potentially lead to improvements in psychological well-being.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Medicinal Mushroom Therapeutic Use
Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
The Pandemic City
Pandemics have shaped the way cities are planned and configured. Throughout history, cities have evolved to solve problems of sanitation, hygiene, and health access while providing space and opportunities for the urban dwellers.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Mar 2021
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