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Topic Review
Biomimetic Nanomaterials
Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) are functional materials containing nanoscale components and having structural and technological similarities to natural (biogenic) prototypes. Despite the fact that biomimetic approaches in materials technology have been used since the second half of the 20th century, BNMs are still at the forefront of materials science. “Biomimetics” is a concept introduced in 1957 by Otto Schmitt that, generally, means the imitation of structures, characteristics, models, and compositions of natural objects to solve various problems. The word “biomimetic” comes from the Greek word “bios” (life) and the suffix “mimetic” (mimicry). This concept also includes approaches and processes mimicking biological or natural ones such as, for example, the synthesis of nanomaterials or nanostructures that reproduce the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of natural (biogenic) materials at the nano- or macroscale. Similar to the formation of biogenic materials, the technology of biomimetic materials includes the processes of self-assembly and interfacial molecular recognition. Other important directions of development for such materials are biopolymers and biocomposites, which are receiving immense consideration in biomedical and other fields.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bond Strength Deterioration Due to Corrosion
Corrosion of the reinforcement affects more than the cross-sectional area of the rebar. The volume of steel also increases due to expansive corrosion products, leading to the cracking, delamination, and spalling of concrete. As a result, the bond capacity between concrete and rebar is affected. Researchers have extensively examined the impact of corrosion on the bond strength between concrete and rebar to propose empirical, theoretical, or numerical predictive models.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Zetaproteobacteria
The class Zetaproteobacteria is the sixth and most recently described class of the Proteobacteria. Zetaproteobacteria can also refer to the group of organisms assigned to this class. The Zetaproteobacteria were originally represented by a single described species, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, which is an iron-oxidizing neutrophilic chemolithoautotroph originally isolated from Loihi Seamount in 1996 (post-eruption). Molecular cloning techniques focusing on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene have also been used to identify a more diverse majority of the Zetaproteobacteria that have as yet been unculturable. Regardless of culturing status, the Zetaproteobacteria show up worldwide in estuarine and marine habitats associated with opposing steep redox gradients of reduced (ferrous) iron and oxygen, either as a minor detectable component or as the dominant member of the microbial community. Zetaproteobacteria have been most commonly found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, though recent discovery of members of this class in near-shore environments has led to the reevaluation of Zetaproteobacteria distribution and significance.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vortioxetine´s Effects on Sleep of Adolescent Major Depression
The relationship between depression and insomnia is bidirectional and both conditions need to be treated adequately, especially in a vulnerable neurodevelopmental stage of adolescence. Sleep disturbances in adolescents have been associated with a more severe clinical course of depression (i.e., suicidal behavior, worse psychosocial functioning, and risk of recurrence). Due to the rising incidence of both disorders, it is crucial to understand the underlying pathophysiology (e.g., disrupted neuroplasticity and neurotransmitter dysbalance), especially in the vulnerable adolescent age period characterized by developmental changes and sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous factors.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pampas Cat
The Pampas cat (Leopardus colocola) is a small wild felid native to South America, specifically inhabiting the grasslands and shrublands of the Pampas region. Recognized for its distinctive appearance, which includes a compact body, short legs, and a thick fur coat with markings resembling rosettes or spots, the Pampas cat is an elusive and solitary predator. As a carnivorous species, it preys on a variety of small mammals, birds, and insects, playing a vital role in regulating prey populations and maintaining ecosystem balance in its habitat.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
This article details the critical roles that insulin-like growth factor-1 and its receptor insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (GFR1) play in maintaining bone homeostasis and how exposure of bone cells to microgravity affects the function of these growth factors. 
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Tendon and Mast Cells
Understanding the links between the tendon healing process, inflammatory mechanisms, and tendon homeostasis after tissue damage is crucial in developing novel therapeutics for human tendon disorders. The inflammatory mechanisms that are operative in response to tendon injury are not fully understood, but it has been suggested that inflammation occurring in response to nerve signaling, i.e., neurogenic inflammation, has a pathogenic role. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells in the communication with peripheral nerves, and their emerging role in tendon healing and inflammation after injury.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been successfully applied in several areas due to their significant antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. In dentistry, AgNP can be applied in disinfection, prophylaxis, and prevention of infections in the oral cavity.
  • 1.5K
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility
The spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell, whose main function is the transport of the intact male genetic material into the oocyte. During its formation and transit throughout male and female reproductive tracts, sperm cells are internally and externally surrounded by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced from both endogenous and exogenous sources. While low amounts of ROS are known to be necessary for crucial physiological sperm processes, such as acrosome reaction and sperm–oocyte interaction, high levels of those species underlie misbalanced antioxidant-oxidant molecules, generating oxidative stress (OS), which is one of the most damaging factors that affect sperm function and lower male fertility potential. 
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Aronia Melanocarpa Products
Due to factors such as cultivar, fertilization, maturation or climate conditions, as well as the date of their harvest, chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) differ in their content of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, fats, aroma compounds and especially polyphenols, substances exerting a beneficial impact on health. 
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Mars Rover Mastcam Images
The Curiosity rover has landed on Mars since 2012. One of the instruments onboard the rover is a pair of multispectral cameras known as Mastcams, which act as eyes of the rover.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cucurbita pepo Seeds
Cucurbita pepo, also referred to as “summer squash” or “zucchini”, originates from Central and South America, being currently cultivated worldwide in warm regions.
  • 1.5K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Macrophages as Key Players in Intestinal Fibrogenesis
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without specific treatment. Macrophages are the key actors in inflammatory responses and the wound healing process. By their exceptional ability to integrate diverse stimuli in their surrounding environment, macrophages display a multitude of phenotypes to underpin a broad spectrum of functions, from the initiation to the resolution of inflammation following injury. The hypothesis that distinct macrophage subtypes could be involved in fibrogenesis and wound healing is emerging and could open up new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis. 
  • 1.5K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Photoacoustic Approach in the Characterization of Nanostructured Materials
The photoacoustic (PA) effect is the generation of pressure perturbations in a medium due to its heating with non-stationary electromagnetic radiation. A new generation of sensors can be engineered based on the sensing of several markers to satisfy the conditions of the multimodal detection principle. From this point of view, photoacoustic-based sensing approaches are essential. The photoacoustic effect relies on the generation of light-induced deformation (pressure) perturbations in media, which is essential for sensing applications since the photoacoustic response is formed due to a contrast in the optical, thermal, and acoustical properties. It is also particularly important to mention that photoacoustic light-based approaches are flexible enough for the measurement of thermal/elastic parameters. Moreover, the photoacoustic approach can be used for imaging and visualization in material research and biomedical applications. The advantages of photoacoustic devices are their compact sizes and the possibility of on-site measurements, enabling the online monitoring of material parameters. The latter has significance for the development of various sensing applications, including biomedical ones, such as monitoring of the biodistribution of biomolecules. To extend sensing abilities and to find reliable measurement conditions, one needs to clearly understand all the phenomena taking place during energy transformation during photoacoustic signal formation. 
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants. They produce pharmacological actions in the peripheral and the central nervous system (CNS). They can cross the blood–brain barrier and interact with several neurotransmission systems and, thereby activating signaling pathways in specific brain structures involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders. In particular, the flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) has been studied for its antioxidant properties; however, its neuropharmacological effects in specific brain structures involved in the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, need to be studied.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Multidimensional Filter Design and Implementation
Many concepts in one–dimensional signal processing are similar to concepts in multidimensional signal processing. However, many familiar one–dimensional procedures do not readily generalize to the multidimensional case and some important issues associated with multidimensional signals and systems do not appear in the one–dimensional special case.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Excommunication of Catholic Politicians Who Support Abortion
Because the Catholic Church opposes abortion as a matter of doctrine, some Catholic bishops have refused or threatened to refuse communion, or threatened to declare excommunication upon Catholic politicians who support abortion. In some cases, officials have stated that ministers should refuse communion to such politicians per canon 915 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law; elsewhere, that the politicians should, on their own, refrain from receiving communion ad normam canon 916; and in other cases, excommunication has been suggested.
  • 1.5K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Phillip Law
Phillip Garth Law, AC, CBE, FAA, FTSE (21 April 1912 – 28 February 2010[1]) was an Australian scientist and explorer who served as director of Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) from 1949 to 1966. Law was born in Tallangatta, Victoria, the second of six children of Arthur and Lily Law. One of his younger sisters was the traveller and writer Wendy Law Suart. After att
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
3D Bioprinting for Pancreas Engineering/Manufacturing
Diabetes is the most common chronic disease in the world, and it brings a heavy burden to people’s health. Against this background, diabetic research, including islet functionalization has become a hot topic in medical institutions all over the world. Especially with the rapid development of microencapsulation and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies, organ engineering and manufacturing have become the main trends for disease modeling and drug screening. Especially the advanced 3D models of pancreatic islets have shown better physiological functions than monolayer cultures, suggesting their potential in elucidating the behaviors of cells under different growth environments.
  • 1.5K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Accountant’s Efficiency
Accounting is one of the basic functions of an organization, assists financial management, decision-making, tax compliance, budgeting, performance evaluation, and corporate governance. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a disruptive force in many sectors, and using it in accounting isn’t an exception.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Oct 2023
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