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Topic Review
Flight Safety Assessment Based on Quick Access Recorder
The QAR (quick access recorder), as an airborne data recorder, can collect and store multidimensional flight parameter data during a flight. Currently, QAR devices have been widely installed on various types of aircraft. It has been proven by practical experience that the QAR can effectively collect thousands of real-time parameters during flight. These flight parameters can reflect the condition of the external environment, flight attitude, aircraft status, pilot operations, etc. Therefore, they provide objective evidence for flight technical evaluations, safety incident investigations, and the elimination of potential flight safety hazards, which can yield better flight safety.
  • 627
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Quantifying Road Transport Resilience to Emergencies
The resilience of road passenger and freight transport differs in the face of external disturbance. Freight transport resilience is better than that of passenger transport. Compared to passenger transport, freight transport is more robust; the impacted speed is slower, the recovery speed is faster, the recovery capacity is stronger, and the affected period is shorter. There is regional heterogeneity in road transport resilience. This heterogeneity is reflected in the whole change process of system performance with external disturbance, including absorption capacity, adaptation capacity, and recovery capacity. The resilience of road transport under different waves of the epidemic is different. Compared to the first wave of the epidemic, the resilience of road transport indicators at all stages has been dramatically improved in the later rebound wave of the epidemic. This can help in the development of evidence-based road transport sustainability strategies.
  • 623
  • 24 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Emitted Radiated Interference of Video Monitoring Systems
Video monitoring systems (VMSs) operated throughout an extensive railway area are responsible for the safety of people and property transport processes. Emissions of radiated electromagnetic interference generated in an unintended manner by traction vehicles within a railway line lead to interference in the VMS operating process. Based on the knowledge of actual VMS operating process data, spectral characteristics and values of individual components of disturbing signals occurring in the emissions of radiated electromagnetic interference, it is possible to determine the parameters of damage intensities for the devices and elements of this system. Using that data enables determining the VMS reliability parameters within its operating system, for an extensive railway area. 
  • 613
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Infrastructure and Road Safety of Electric Vehicles
The electrification of road transport is developing dynamically around the world. Many automotive companies are introducing electric vehicles to the market, and their popularity is constantly growing. The increasing popularity of electric vehicles is caused by individual countries’ governments encouraging people to switch to electric vehicles and their lower operating costs.
  • 611
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Deficiencies of Quantitative Disaster Risk Assessment for Railway
Natural hazards constantly threaten the sustainable construction and operation of railway engineering facilities, making railway disaster risk assessment an essential approach to disaster prevention. Despite numerous studies that have focused on railway risk assessment, few have quantified specific damages, such as economic losses and human casualties. Meanwhile, the mechanism of impact damage from various disasters on railway facilities and the propagation of functional failure in railway systems have not been thoroughly summarized and addressed. Thus, it is essential to conduct effective quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) to facilitate the sustainable design, construction, and operation of rail infrastructure. 
  • 595
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Modelling Freight Last Mile
The transport of freight involves numerous intermediate steps, such as freight consolidation, truck allocation, and routing, all of which exhibit high day-to-day variability. On the delivery side, drivers usually cover specific geographic regions, also known as clusters, to optimise operational efficiency. A crucial aspect of this process is the effective allocation of resources to match business requirements. The discrete-event simulation (DES) technique excels in replicating intricate real-world operations and can integrate a multitude of stochastic variables, thereby enhancing its utility for decision making. 
  • 594
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Analysis of Following Vehicles’ Driving Patterns
Despite the potential benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) of reducing human driver errors and enhancing traffic safety, a comprehensive evaluation of recent AV collision data reveals a concerning trend of rear-end collisions caused by following vehicles. Developing a methodology that identifies the relationship between driving patterns and the risk of collision between leading and following vehicles using spectral analysis can address this issue. Specifically, a process is proposed for computing three indices: reaction time, stimulus compliance index, and collision-risk aversion index. These indices consistently produced reliable results under various traffic conditions. The findings align with existing research on the driving patterns of following vehicles. Given the consistency and robustness of these indices, they can be effectively utilized in advanced driver assistance systems or incorporated into AVs to assess the likelihood of collision risk posed by following vehicles and develop safer driving strategies accordingly.
  • 590
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
New Mobility Agenda
The New Mobility Agenda is an international institution which, although a virtual and open collaborative project today, was originally set up by an international working group meeting at the Abbey de Royaumont near Paris in 1974 with the support of the Parisian OECD to challenge old ideas and practices in the field of urban transport through a long term collaborative program of information exchange, education and peer support. The Agenda today draws together the experience, expertise and support of more than four thousand individuals and groups worldwide in an open collaborative peer network. One of the original proponents of this approach, Professor Mikoto Usui then director of the OECD Development Centre, referred to it in the founding meeting at the "Abbé de Royaumont as an "invisible college". Drawing together the experience and expertise of more than four thousand individuals and groups worldwide, who are networked via a combination of websites, discussion groups and fora, and collaborative projects, the Agenda takes an approach to transportation planning, policy and practice that has gained considerable force over the last two decades—provides a leading-edge alternative to earlier (20th century) methods of looking at and providing mobility for people and goods in cities. The Agenda has received prestigious awards for its contributions, including the Stockholm Environment Challenge Prize (2000) and the World Technology Environment Award (2002). Like the sustainable transportation movement, to which it is closely related, it differs from previous methods (which in fact still dominate planning, policy, investment and operations in most parts of the world) in that it takes a global or broad systemic approach to the challenges of how to get around in cities, and is especially sensitive not only to pure transport efficiency (which traditionally is interpreted in pure engineering terms as speed and volume of vehicle throughput) but equally to matters of sustainable development, pollution and environmental impacts—including matters relating to climate change, the reduction of Greenhouse gases, resource efficiency, energy conservation, public health, both personal and public economics, overall time savings, public spaces, and quality of life in communities, including relations between people in public spaces – with particular attention to social justice and the unmet needs of women, children, and others with mobility or economic or health disadvantages which are not being properly served in our present mainly car-based systems and thinking, in which other forms of transport, including public transport, play only residual roles.
  • 585
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Krauss-Maffei Transurban
Krauss-Maffei's Transurban was a 12-passenger automated guideway transit (AGT) mass transit system based on a maglev guideway. Development started in 1970 as one of the many AGT and PRT projects that followed in the wake of the HUD reports of 1968. Its selection as the basis of the GO-Urban system in Toronto in 1973 made it well known in the industry; it would have been the basis of the first large-area AGT mass transit network in the world. Technical problems cropped up during the construction of the test track, and the sudden removal of funding by the West German government led to the project's cancellation in late 1974. The Ontario government completed development and installation of a non-maglev version, today known as the Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit.
  • 556
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Walkability of Large Parking Lots on University Campuses
Car-dominated university campuses allocate large areas of land for parking lots, which are major hubs for users to start and end their daily walking trips.
  • 549
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Spatial Knowledge Acquisition in Large-Scale Environments
The research emphasizes the critical role of spatial cognition in understanding urban travel behaviors. It discusses how individuals' spatial experiences and cognitive maps shape their perception and interaction with their surroundings, influencing navigation, route planning, and travel decisions. The emergence of small electric vehicles (SEVs) is highlighted as a sustainable urban transport option, necessitating an understanding of spatial cognition for effective integration. Affordance and spatial learning stages are explored, elucidating how the physical environment and individual experiences contribute to spatial knowledge acquisition. The research explores the relationship between spatial experience and travel attitudes, emphasizing the influence of the cognitive built environment on travel motivations. It discusses the importance of spatial knowledge in trip planning and activity-travel patterns, especially in the context of SEVs and their constraints. Various techniques for investigating cognitive maps are reviewed, underscoring the significance of understanding spatial cognition for improving transportation modeling and enhancing urban mobility. Overall, the research provides a comprehensive overview of spatial cognition's impact on travel behaviors and its implications for urban transport planning.
  • 542
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ridesharing Impacts
Ridesharing is part of the innovative shared transport regime which aims to maximize the utilization of mobility resources. Gaining knowledge of ridesharing’s impacts and how to assess them may significantly improve such services and thus contribute to their adoption among broader groups of travelers and to travel behavior change. 
  • 536
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Influences on Driving Style Preferences in Automated Driving
Automated driving is a rapidly evolving technology with the aim to revolutionize transportation by eliminating the need for human drivers. The predicted potentials of automated driving include increased driving comfort and safety, traffic flow optimization, reduced emissions, and enhanced mobility for people with disabilities or limited access to transportation. With automated driving, humans change their role from an active driver to that of a passenger, raising the question of how users prefer to be driven in the future when they are no longer driving themselves.
  • 530
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Optimising Daylight and Ventilation Performance
Building envelopes serve as interfaces between indoor and outdoor environments and are significant components in improving human comfort and building energy efficiency. As a critical success factor for a sustainable building environment, adaptation aids in coping with variable environmental conditions (e.g., solar radiation and wind) instead of anticipating potential damages and uncomfortable conditions for humans. 
  • 521
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Lockdown on Online Car-Hailing Travel in Shanghai
Due to the restriction policies and people’s fear of contracting COVID-19, the riding of means of transportation decreased sharply, including trains, metros, taxis, and online car-hailing, both for inter-city and intra-city transportation modes. The way people travel and live was significantly affected. People needed to work from home or conduct online meetings if the working conditions permitted. Students needed to take classes online.
  • 517
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Technologies for Urban Hazardous Chemical Disaster Management
Urban safety production is a core component of social safety and is associated with the production, storage and transport of hazardous chemicals, which are potential sources of disaster in an urban area. Intelligent technologies are critical in improving disaster management and control.
  • 503
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Passenger Cars Driven on Hilly Roads in Austria
Previous studies of road or railway infrastructures have shown that traffic emissions outweigh the environmental impacts of the product stage and construction stage over the entire life cycle. Traffic usage is therefore the main emitter over the life cycle (A1–C4). Due to the small number of sustainability assessment systems, the question of how to consider traffic emissions in detail in an integral life cycle assessment has arisen.
  • 501
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Autonomous Ride-Sharing Service using Graph Embedding
Autonomous vehicles are anticipated to revolutionize ride-sharing services and subsequently enhance the public transportation systems through a first–last-mile transit service. Within this context, a fleet of autonomous vehicles can be modeled as a Dial-a-Ride Problem with certain features.
  • 414
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Environmental Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles
This entry examines the potential environmental effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs), addressing both positive and negative outcomes. It explores how AV deployment may influence emissions, energy use, urban infrastructure, and land use patterns, while also considering implications for traffic efficiency and resource consumption. The entry critically assesses the sustainability prospects of AVs in comparison to conventional vehicles, supported by current research and projections.
  • 349
  • 23 Jun 2025
Topic Review
The Environmental Impacts of Transportation
This entry examines the environmental consequences of transportation systems, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions, air and noise pollution, land use impacts, and ecosystem disruption. It explores how different transport modes vary in their environmental footprint and analyzes both technological and policy-based strategies for mitigating these effects. The text also highlights the importance of urban planning, climate resilience, and equity in addressing the sector’s sustainability challenges. Through a systems-level perspective, the entry underscores the necessity of integrated solutions to decarbonize transportation and align it with global environmental goals.
  • 196
  • 23 Jun 2025
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