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Topic Review
Magnesium and Zinc: Critical Biomarkers for Skin Expansion
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been transforming the medical field, providing new methods for repairing and regenerating damaged skin. Zinc and magnesium have been identified as key elements in tissue scaffolds for skin expansion. The mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and cellular responsiveness of tissue scaffolds are significantly influenced by these factors. Both elements have been incorporated to scaffolds using a variety of techniques, increasing their capacity for skin expansion. Smart 4D BIOdegradable METallic Shape-shifting Implants For Dynamic Tissue Restoration Horizon Europe project No 101047008 HORIZON-EIC-2021-PATHFINDEROPEN-01  
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fungal Pathogens
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are caused by pathogens that have undergone recent changes in terms of geographic spread, increasing incidence, and expanding host range, or by previously unknown pathogens that are being discovered thanks to advances in surveillance and research, particularly in the field of laboratory diagnostics.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Agriculture
In the last few decades, a great deal has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve the resilience of ecosystem services to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this agriculture would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This entry provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to determine how, in this changing climate, sustainable agriculture can increase the resilience of agrosystems. Our search ranged from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a condition that affects many parts of the body. The major features of this disorder include a characteristic facial appearance, delayed growth and development, intellectual disability, and seizures.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Mushroom Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa
The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. 
  • 1.5K
  • 20 May 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidant
The primary objectives of modern agriculture includes the environmental sustainability, low production costs, improved plants’ resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses, and high sowing seed value. Delayed and inconsistent field emergence poses a significant threat in the production of agri-crop, especially during drought and adverse weather conditions. To open new routes of nutrients’ acquisition and revolutionizing the adapted solutions, stewardship planswill be needed to address these questions.One approach is the identification of plant based bioactive molecules capable of altering plant metabolism pathways which may enhance plant performance in a brief period of time and in a cost-effective manner.A biostimulant is a plant material, microorganism, or any other organic compound that not only improves the nutritional aspects, vitality, general health but also enhances the seed qualityperformance.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Chemical Chaperones
Chemical chaperones are well known as inhibitors of protein and peptide self-assembly, as well as structural stabilizers of misfolded enzymes. We discovered that chemical chaperones inhibit adenine self-assembly both in a yeast model and in vitro. According to our study, chemical chaperones might have a dual function as enhancers of enzyme stability and as inhibitors of toxic metabolite self-assembly. This novel approach could be implemented for the rational design of inhibitors that target metabolite self-assembly as therapeutics for inborn errors of metabolism.
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds
The continual detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (ng/L or µg/L) in water and wastewater has attracted critical concerns among the regulatory authorities and general public, due to its associated public health, ecological risks, and a threat to global water quality. Presently, there is a lack of stringent discharge standards regulating the emerging multiclass contaminants to obviate its possible undesirable impacts.
  • 1.5K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
IoT Word's Hardware Requirements
The growth of the number of devices connected to the Internet is steadily increasing. In the future, more and more everyday objects will host embedded electronics to make them smarter and more useful then before, under the name of Internet of Things (IoT). Most of these items will be powered by small batteries and thus will have a limited energy budget. They will have to accurately balance performances and power usage to extend their lifespan. This can be implemented at various level, from the lowest one, the technology, to the highest, the algorithm. It is not possible to send all the data to a cloud server for processing, in particular if data can be preprocessed effectively to save computational resources on the cloud and to send only useful information. This paradigm is called edge-computing, as the end devices act at the "edge" of the cloud. This survey paper presents various recent ultra-low power hardware architectures for IoT, along with the explanation of some low power techniques to make the IoT tasks possibile at the large scales required. Some newest research topics are discussed, leading to the description of a fully functional digital system which encloses all the presented techniques.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide and is classified based on severity into mild, moderate, and severe. The mechanical injury in TBI leads to a metabolic and ionic imbalance, which eventually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a state of oxidative stress. To date, no drug has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of TBI. Nevertheless, it is thought that targeting the pathology mechanisms would alleviate the consequences of TBI. For that purpose, antioxidants have been considered as treatment options in TBI and were shown to have a neuroprotective effect. Of these, edaravone and mitoquinone seem to be promising. 
  • 1.5K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Selenium/Selenoproteins in Male Reproductive Function
Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral having many essential roles at the cellular and organismal levels in animal and human health. The biological effects of Se are mainly carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by 25 genes in humans and 24 in mice). As an essential component of selenoproteins, Se performs structural and enzymic roles; in the latter context it is well known for its catalytic and antioxidative functions. Studies involving different animal models have added great value to our understanding regarding the potential implications of Se and selenoproteins in mammalian fertility and reproduction. 
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Adipose Tissue Mitochondria
Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis in metabolic tissues, including adipose tissues. The two main types of adipose tissues are the white adipose tissue (WAT) and the brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT primarily stores excess energy, whereas BAT is predominantly responsible for energy expenditure by non-shivering thermogenesis through the mitochondria. WAT in response to appropriate stimuli such as cold exposure and β-adrenergic agonist undergoes browning wherein it acts as BAT, which is characterized by the presence of a higher number of mitochondria. 
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Urban Green Sustainable Development
The role of government support in sustainable urban development has always been a research topic of scholars, but research focusing on the relationship between government innovation support and urban green sustainable development is still relatively rare. China’s innovative city pilot policy (ICPP) to represent the innovation support provided by the government and address the interaction mechanism and the spatial spillover effect of China’s innovative city pilot policy (ICPP), green technology innovation (GTI), and green sustainable development performance (GSDP) with the support of the mediating effect model and the spatial econometric model.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Things
Things is a task management app for macOS, iPadOS, iOS, and watchOS made by Cultured Code, a software startup based in Stuttgart, Germany . It first released for Mac as an alpha that went out in late 2007 to 12,000 people and quickly gained popularity. The following July, when the App Store launched, it was among the first 552 apps available for iPhone. It was then released alongside the iPad in 2010, and became one of the first apps available for Apple Watch in 2015. In December 2013, Cultured Code announced that they had sold one million copies of the software to date, and in December 2014 the company announced that downloads had increased by an additional three million.
  • 1.5K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Research Trends on Islamic Finance and Fintech
Due to its devotion to Shariah principles and values, Islamic finance has attracted substantial attention as an alternative to traditional finance. With the increased use of technology in finance, Islamic finance has adapted and integrated financial technology (fintech) to provide its consumers with more efficient and accessible financial services. The rise of fintech has created new possibilities and difficulties for the Islamic finance industry, providing creative solutions to old financial issues while also raising new regulatory and ethical concerns. 
  • 1.5K
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Technology in Data Center Simulations
Mining activities often deem mine sites as temporary, leading to their eventual reclamation, rehabilitation, or abandonment. The abandoned mine sites can be reimagined as strategic assets, thus providing economic benefits while adhering to critical data center infrastructure standards.
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal subcellular organelle responsible for protein quality control in the secretory pathway, preventing protein misfolding and aggregation. Failure of protein quality control in the ER triggers several molecular mechanisms such as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), the unfolded protein response (UPR) or reticulophagy, which are activated upon ER stress (ERS) to re-establish protein homeostasis by transcriptionally and translationally regulated complex signalling pathways.
  • 1.5K
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Experimental Animal Skin Flap Models
Skin flaps are necessary in plastic and reconstructive surgery for the removal of skin cancer, wounds, and ulcers. A skin flap is a portion of skin with its own blood supply that is partially separated from its original position and moved from one place to another. The use of skin flaps is often accompanied by cell necrosis or apoptosis due to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
WNT Signalling in Dental Pathologies
Great efforts have been made over the past decades to discover new therapeutic targets for a big variety of human pathologies. Most of the studies dealing with severe pathological conditions such as cancers and tissue malformations are focused on the role of either widely recognized master controlling genes such as ras and myc or pivotal components of key signalling pathways, among which Wnt and Notch. However, these genes and molecules are fundamental for paired embryogenesis as well as for tissue and organ homeostasis and regeneration, where they regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. The precise timing and localization of their activation are important to ensure the appropriate cellular functions in physiological conditions. Thus, their indiscriminate targeting is not desirable, due to both the high risk of severe side effects and the certainty of broad phenotypic consequences. On the contrary, optimal therapeutic targets should be selected based on their tissue, time and pathology specific roles. Here, we suggest a paradigmatic example of such target molecules that could be represented by the Wnt/b-catenin signalling components Bcl9 and Bcl9l. 
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Essential Oils for Weed Control
In all farming systems, weeds are the most expensive pest to manage, accounting for 30% of potential losses. In organic farming, the problem may be further amplified by restrictions on herbicides, thus making weeds the main problem faced by organic farmers in the field. In this sense, much research is focusing on the allelopathic potential of plants as an ecological weed control tool. Many plant species can release allelopathic compounds with high phytotoxicity that can be used in weed control. Species belonging to the Lamiaceae family have been studied widely for this purpose, and their essential oils (EOs) appear to be promising bioherbicides. However, there are still many challenges for their development.
  • 1.5K
  • 27 Apr 2021
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