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Topic Review
Clonal Hematopoiesis in Liquid Biopsy
       Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a process that involves the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells which leads to clonal expansion of mutations in blood cells, may account for the non-tumor derived mutations detected from plasma. These CH mutations may act as a biological noise to cfDNA analysis and complicate the interpretation of mutations detected from liquid biopsy.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Role of Copper in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Copper is a fundamental element for the homeostasis of the body. It is the third most abundant essential transition metal in humans. Changes in the concentration of copper in the blood are responsible for numerous diseases affecting various organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and liver. One of the most interesting aspects of copper balance is its influence on diabetes and the progression of its complications, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Angiotensin II
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western and developing world, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing with the longer lifespan afforded by our modern lifestyle.  Vascular diseases including coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke comprise the majority of cardiovascular disease and therefore represent a significant medical and socioeconomic burden on our society.  It is not be surprising that these conditions overlap and potentiate each other when we consider the many cellular and molecular similarities between them. At the molecular level, the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is the target, integrator, and effector cell of both atherogenic and the major effector protein of the hypertensive signal, Angiotensin II (Ang II).  Together, these signals can potentiate each other and prime the artery and exacerbate hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, VSMC are the fulcrum in progression of these diseases and therefore, understanding the effects of atherogenic stimuli and Ang II on VSMC is  key to understanding and treating  atherosclerosis and hypertension.  In this review, we will examine studies in which hypertension and atherosclerosis intersect on the VSMC, and illustrate common pathways between these two diseases and vascular aging.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Genus Mentha
Mint (Mentha species) exhibits multiple health beneficial properties, such as prevention from cancer development and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective effects, as a result of its antioxidant potential, combined with low toxicity and high efficacy. Mentha species are widely used in savory dishes, food, beverages, and confectionary products. Phytochemicals derived from mint also showed anticancer activity against different types of human cancers such as cervix, lung, breast and many others. Mint essential oils show a great cytotoxicity potential, by modulating MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways; they also induce apoptosis, suppress invasion and migration potential of cancer cells lines along with cell cycle arrest, upregulation of Bax and p53 genes, modulation of TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-8, and induction of senescence phenotype. Essential oils from mint have also been found to exert antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and many others.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small RNA virus with a diameter of about 36 nm, with a nucleocapsid and a 1.7Kb circular ss RNA of variable length in relation to genotype .
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Phase Separation of Intrinsically Disordered Nucleolar Proteins
The process of phase separation allows for the establishment and formation of subcompartmentalized structures, thus enabling cells to perform simultaneous processes with precise organization and low energy requirements. Chemical modifications of proteins, RNA, and lipids alter the molecular environment facilitating enzymatic reactions at higher concentrations in particular regions of the cell. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Political Divisions and Socio-Economic Disparities in Poland
In the past 30 years, Poland has undergone a spectacular transformation from a backward post-communist country into one of the most dynamically growing members of the European Union (EU). However, persisting and even progressing inter- and intra-regional divergence constitutes a growing threat to sustainable development. Increasing developmental differences have been met with growing social opposition, fostering populist tendencies. It should be noted that the costs and benefits of globalisation under the conditions of progressive integration are unevenly distributed both in terms of territories and social groups. This has led not only to the aforementioned developmental differentiation of territories, but also (and perhaps above all) to the polarisation of social views. Unfortunately, in both cases the scale of polarisation has become dangerous. This raises the research relevance on the impact of regional differentiation on electoral preferences.
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Stability and Activity of L-ASNases
L-asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and ammonia. These proteins with different biochemical, physicochemical and pharmacological properties are found in many organisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and mammals. To date, asparaginases from E. coli and Dickeya dadantii (formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi) are widely used in hematology for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemias. 
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sustainability of Hybrid Organizations and Circular Economy Models
Hybrid organizations that adopt circular economy contribute to sustainable development by implementing initiatives aimed at healing, preserving, and improving the world through the production of goods or the provisions of services ("CARE"). Additionally, the ability of hybrid organizations to foster sustainable development is based on their ability to develop and maintain relationships with the surrounding organizational realities, as well as actively involve the local community ("DO WITH"). At the same time, getting in touch with other socioeconomic actors allows the hybrid organization to educate and to be educated, sharing skills and competences ("PEDAGOGY").
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
A Framework for Developing Environmental Justice Indicators
Environmental justice (EJ) is a broad discipline that attempts to understand and redress unfair exposure to unhealthy environmental conditions. EJ is often made measurable with indicators, however the capabilities and the limitations of EJ indicators can be difficult for policy makers to understand. Useful EJ indicators are invariably made up of at least two measures from a combination of the environment, demography, epidemiology or procedures elements. Furthermore, the way that measures are combined determines the type of EJ indicator that is created, enabling different facets of an issue to be understood.  
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
LPC (Programming Language)
LPC (short for Lars Pensjö C) is an object-oriented programming language derived from C and developed originally by Lars Pensjö to facilitate MUD building on LPMuds. Though designed for game development, its flexibility has led to it being used for a variety of purposes, and to its evolution into the language Pike. LPC syntax places it in the family of C-like languages, with C and C++ its strongest influences.
  • 1.6K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
LAMP-Based Point-of-Care Biosensors for Rapid Pathogen Detection
Seeking optimized infectious pathogen detection tools is of primary importance to lessen the spread of infections, allowing prompt medical attention for the infected. Among nucleic-acid-based sensing techniques, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising method, as it provides rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of microbial and viral pathogens and has enormous potential to transform current point-of-care molecular diagnostics.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Early Detection of Faults in Induction Motors
There is an increasing interest in improving energy efficiency and reducing operational costs of induction motors in the industry. These costs can be significantly reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be improved if the condition of the machine is monitored regularly and if monitoring techniques are able to detect failures at an incipient stage. An early fault detection makes the elimination of costly standstills, unscheduled downtime, unplanned breakdowns, and industrial injuries possible. Furthermore, maintaining a proper motor operation by reducing incipient failures can reduce motor losses and extend its operating life. There are many works in which analyses of fault detection techniques in induction motors can be found, but all those reviewed techniques can detect failures only at developed or advanced stages. Herein, a summary of techniques and methodologies that can detect faults at early stages is presented, focusing on the following principal motor components: stator, rotor, and rolling bearings. For steady-state and transient operating modes of the motor, the methodologies are discussed and recommendations for future research in this area are also presented.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Alexander Bonner Latta
Alexander Bonner Latta (June 11, 1821 – April 28, 1865) was an American manufacturer and inventor. He produced the first practical steam fire engine that was successfully used as a routine part of a city's fire department equipment. Latta was born on a farm just outside the city limits of Chillicothe, Ohio, on July 11, 1821.[1] He was the youngest of six children and went by the nickname
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Covalent Inhibitors for Neglected Diseases
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) is a group of 20 diseases affecting more than 1 billion people in the world, especially those living in poor communities of tropical areas. Caused by a variety of etiologic agents such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, these diseases have a great impact on public health, with social and economic consequences to the affected populations.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
C–H Functionalisation
C–H bond functionalisation describes the transformation of a C-H bonds into a C-X bonds (X = C, N, O, B, halides, among many others). The term is typically associated with transition metals in processes like C-H activation. However, other methods such as nitrene/carbene insertion and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) can also be used to functionalise C-H bonds with varying selectivity and ability to introduce different functional groups depending on the method used. 
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pharmaceuticals and Pollution
Environmental pollution is a growing threat to natural ecosystems and one of the world’s most pressing concerns. The increasing worldwide use of pharmaceuticals has elevated their status as significant emerging contaminants. Pharmaceuticals enter aquatic environments through multiple pathways related to anthropogenic activity.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotics
Probiotic encapsulation techniques can be categorized into two types: chemical (coacervation, ionic gelation, and molecular inclusion), and physical (spray drying, freeze drying, spray chilling, spray cooling, extrusion, fluidized bed drying, electrospraying, and electrospinning). Probiotic cells are between 1 and 5 μm in size and their viability must be maintained during the encapsulation process. The main encapsulation processes for probiotics are freeze drying, spray drying, ionic gelation, complex coacervation, electrospraying, and electrospinning.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
High-frequency analysis, Model Validation and Intraday risk metrics
Despite the growing amount of research in the field of high frequency financial data analysis, few studies have focused on model validation and high-frequency risk measures. This study contributes to the literature in the following ways: A rigorous model validation, both in terms of in-sample fit and out-sample performance for the MC-GARCH model under five error distributions is provided. Statistical and graphical tests are conducted to validate the models. One component of the MC-GARCH model is the daily variance forecast. For this purpose, the GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) under the five error distributions are compared and the best model among the 10 GARCH models is used to forecast the daily variance. The modelling and forecasting performance of the MC-GARCH model under different distributional assumptions is assessed in this study. The 99% intraday VaR is forecasted and three backtesting procedures are used. This is the first study to assess the VaR predictive ability of the MC-GARCH models by using an asymmetric VaR loss function. This is the first study to forecast the intraday expected shortfall under different distributional assumptions for the MC-GARCH model. Again, three backtests are used including the recently proposed ES regression backtest. Due to the high importance of risk management, the results of this study may contribute in many fields. This study is highly relevant to the banking industry since banks are required to calculate risk metrics on a daily basis for internal control purposes and for determining their capital requirements. Risk measurement is also essential to the insurance industry from the pricing of insurance contracts to determining the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) and therefore the results of this study might be useful. Any other organisation having an exposure to some kind of financial risk might benefit from this study. 
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Wood Antimicrobial Behavior Test Method
Some wood species have antimicrobial properties and a variety of methods are used to investigate them. For testing the effect of antimicrobial compounds, direct and indirect methods are used. Meanwhile, the survival of microbes is also tested on surfaces (or material in contact with microbes) to validate the safety of surfaces.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Oct 2020
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