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Topic Review
Digital Marketing for SMEs in Tourism
Social media has become an essential tool for travel planning, with tourists increasingly using it to research destinations, book accommodation, and make travel arrangements. Small and medium-sized enterprises’(SMEs) most common use of social media is to promote their products or services, but they can also use it to build customer relationships, provide customer service, and gather feedback.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Varidnaviria
Varidnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all DNA viruses that encode major capsid proteins that contain a vertical jelly roll fold. The major capsid proteins (MCP) form into pseudohexameric subunits of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and are perpendicular, or vertical, to the surface of the capsid. Apart from this, viruses in the realm also share many other characteristics, such as minor capsid proteins (mCP) with the vertical jelly roll fold, an ATPase that packages viral DNA into the capsid, and a DNA polymerase that replicates the viral genome. Varidnaviria was established in 2019 based on the shared characteristics of the viruses in the realm. There are two groups of viruses in Varidnaviria: viruses that have a double vertical jelly roll (DJR) folds in the MCP, assigned to the kingdom Bamfordvirae, and viruses that have a single vertical jelly roll (SJR) fold in the MCP, assigned to the kingdom Helvetiavirae. The DJR-MCP lineage is thought to be descended from the SJR-MCP lineage via a gene fusion event, and the SJR-MCP shows a close relation to nucleoplasmins, pointing to a possible origin of the realm's jelly roll fold MCP. Most identified eukaryotic DNA viruses belong to Varidnaviria. Marine viruses in the realm are highly abundant worldwide and are important in marine ecology. Many animal viruses in the realm are associated with disease, including adenoviruses, poxviruses, and the African swine fever virus. Poxviruses have been prominent in the history of medicine, especially smallpox, caused by Variola virus, which was the target of the first vaccine and which later became the first disease eradicated. The realm also notably includes giant viruses that are physically larger and contain a much larger number of genes than typical viruses.
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Medicinal Plants for Treatment of Common Colds
The common cold is generally considered a usually harmless infectious disease of the upper respiratory pathway, with mostly mild symptoms. However, it should not be overlooked, as a severe cold can lead to serious complications, resulting in hospitalization or death in vulnerable patients. The treatment of the common cold remains purely symptomatic. Analgesics as well as oral antihistamines or decongestants may be advised to relieve fever, and local treatments can clear the airways and relieve nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, or sneezing. Certain medicinal plant specialties can be used as therapy or as complementary self-treatment.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease and the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population world-wide.The used medications treat the symptoms of AD, but without any delay on the progression of the disease. Curcumin presented favorable effects on AD. In the last decade curcumin analogues and derivatives have been synthesized in an attempt to optimize the beneficial properties of curcumin and improve its absorbance and  distribution per os as a therapeutic agent. Reviewing the bibliographical data of the last decade, information on the structures and / or chemical groups that are associated with specific action against AD, was gathered, derived from docking studies, (Q)SAR from vitro and in vivo tests. Phenolic hydroxyl groups might contribute to the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Phenyl methoxy groups seems to contribute to the suppression of Aβ42 and to the suppression of APP. Hydrophobic interactions revealed to be important. The presence of flexible moieties at the linker are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. The inhibitory activity of derivatives is increased with the expansion of the aromatic rings. The keto-enol tautomer form offers as a new modification for the design of amyloid-binding agents. Taking the above under consideration  innovative design  and synthesis will lead to more potent and specific curcumin analogues and derivatives against AD.
  • 1.6K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Dengue and Chikungunya
Dengue and chikungunya are the vector-borne diseases, that are transmitted to humans by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This study aimed to show the spatial and temporal distribution of those diseases in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region.   
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Derivatives
This review deals with the utilization of chitin and chitosan derivatives in agriculture. In particular it summarizes recent results concerning the utilization of these compounds to face biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition the review summarizes recent results about the utilization of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for the recovery of waste water and soil contaminaded by different chemicals
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Inorganic and Polymeric Nanoparticles
Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field  for medical purposes and can be defined as the use of nanomaterials for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of diseases.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Babesia spp. Identification
Babesiosis is considered one of the main vector-borne diseases caused by intraerythrocytic parasites, just behind malaria disease whose etiological agent is transmitted by mosquitoes.
  • 1.6K
  • 24 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Proteases and Mucus
Proteases are enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins, facilitating their cleavage; this hydrolysis can either activate, inactivate, or modulate the activity of the target protein.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. 
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Non-Invasive Micro-Test Technology
Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) is a scientific research technology used for measuring physiological events of intact biological samples. NMT is used for research in many biological areas such as gene function, plant physiology, biomedical research, and environmental science. Most living things experience a constant exchange of ions and molecules with their surroundings as a result of biological processes. NMT uses specialized flux sensors, derived from microelectrodes, to measure this dynamic ion/molecule activity called flux around an intact sample. These fluxes reveal information about physiological phenomena. Each NMT flux sensor is selective or specific for a particular ion/molecule of choice. Some of the more commonly published ion/molecule flux sensors are those that are commercially available, such as Ca2+, H+, K+, Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, Cd2+, NH4+, NO3−, Pb2+, Cu2+, O2, H2O2, and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). Some other flux sensors include glutamate, glucose, Zn2+, Hg2+, and more that have been designed by individual laboratories. NMT measures how much, how fast, and in what direction the chosen ions/molecules are moving. This is defined as diffusion flux, which is the amount of substance per unit area per unit time. The principle of how NMT measures flux was described in the 1990s by a few different laboratories; Lionel Jaffe at the Marine Biological Laboratory described the Vibrating Probe technique, and Ian Newman at the University of Tasmania described the MIFE™ technique. There are also technologies SERIS and SIET that use this principle.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Streptobacillus Moniliformis
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae. The genome of S. moniliformis is one of two completed sequences of the order Fusobacteriales. Its name comes from the Greek word streptos for "curved" or "twisted", and the Latin words bacillus meaning "small rod" and moniliformis for "necklace". S. moniliformis is microaerophilic, requiring less oxygen than is present in the atmosphere for its growth.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Data Mining in Agriculture
Data mining in agriculture is a recent research topic, consisting of the application of data mining techniques to agriculture. Recent technologies are able to provide extensive information on agricultural-related activities, which can then be analyzed in order to find relevant information. A related, but not equivalent term is precision agriculture.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Developmental Disorder
Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas. There are several ways of using this term. The most narrow concept is used in the category "Specific Disorders of Psychological Development" in the ICD-10. These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, motor disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. In broader definitions ADHD is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet others include antisocial behavior and schizophrenia that begins in childhood and continues through life. However, these two latter conditions are not as stable as the other developmental disorders, and there is not the same evidence of a shared genetic liability. Developmental disorders are present from early life. Most improve as the child grows older, but some entail impairments that continue throughout life.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Health Effects of Enterolignans
Enterolignans are metabolites generated by the gut flora from lignans. The later can derive from lignin and are present in numerous fruits, vegetables and grains. Among the gut metabolites are Enterolactone and Enterodiol which exhibit slight estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities at nutritional levels of exposure. There is a great variability among humans for the synthesis of enterolignans since only specific gut bacteria can produce estrogenic enterolignans. Their health effects are essentially beneficial due to their low ingestion levels and their peculiar interactions with estrogen receptors.
  • 1.6K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Basins
As a valuable mineral resource, uranium is extensively utilized in nuclear power generation, radiation therapy, isotope labeling, and tracing. In order to achieve energy structure diversification, reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, and promote the sustainable development of energy production and consumption, research on the metallogenic mechanisms and related development technologies of uranium resources has been one of the focuses of China’s energy development. Sandstone-type uranium deposits make up approximately 43% of all deposits in China, making them the most prevalent form of uranium deposit there.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Interoperability in uHealth and Digital Therapeutics
Interoperability in digital health refers to the seamless, secure, and scalable exchange of health information between care environments and digital platforms. Being a central pillar for the integration of wearable sensors, AI-based diagnostics, clinical and non-clinical workflows for both Digital Therapeutics and ubiquitous health (uHealth), mobile health applications, and virtual coaching applications, interoperability is done using standards such as HL7 FHIR, TEFCA, and SMART on FHIR, which provide shared protocols for information exchange, protection, and semantic harmonization. This entry describes fundamental ideas, new governance paradigms, technical architectures, and regulatory issues required for realizing interoperable health ecosystems for personalized, preventive, and participatory care. The entry describes barriers in the form of fragmentation, data silos, and ethical issues, while identifying enablers such as federated learning, blockchain, and FAIR data principles.The content is based on a structured narrative review registered with OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/PNKG4) and a preprint version publicly available via Preprints.org.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Jul 2025
Topic Review
Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin
Medicinal plants have long been a component of human civilization. Plants are utilized to heal ailments and have saved people from countless pandemics, according to Ayurvedic writings and kindred scriptures. Medicinal plants are high in pharmacologically significant bioactive chemicals that define the plant’s medicinal properties. Artemisinin is one such medicinally important metabolite derived principally from the aerial parts of the medicinal herb Artemisia annua (L.). Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone molecule with an endoperoxide structure that has anti-malarial properties. A. annua is a member of the Asteraceae family that grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The plant is native to China and it is known as qinghao, commonly called sweet annie and worm wood in English. The plant is recorded in ancient Chinese texts as being used to cure fevers
  • 1.6K
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Zebrafish Models of Neuroblastoma
For nearly a decade, researchers in the field of pediatric oncology have been using zebrafish as a model for understanding the contributions of genetic alternations to the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma (NB), and exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie neuroblastoma initiation and metastasis.
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Soyuz-TMA
The Soyuz-TMA is a revision of the Soyuz spacecraft, superseded in 2010 by the Soyuz TMA-M. (T – транспортный – Transportnyi – meaning transport, M – модифицированный – Modifitsirovannyi – meaning modified, A – антропометрический, – Antropometricheskii meaning anthropometric). It is used by the Russian Federal Space Agency for human spaceflight. The spacecraft features several changes to accommodate requirements requested by NASA in order to service the International Space Station, including more latitude in the height and weight of the crew and improved parachute systems. It is also the first expendable vehicle to feature a "glass cockpit". Soyuz-TMA looks identical to the earlier Soyuz-TM spacecraft on the outside, but interior differences allow it to accommodate taller occupants with new adjustable crew couches.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Oct 2022
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