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HandWiki. Varidnaviria. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30347 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Varidnaviria. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30347. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Varidnaviria" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30347 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 20). Varidnaviria. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/30347
HandWiki. "Varidnaviria." Encyclopedia. Web. 20 October, 2022.
Varidnaviria
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Varidnaviria

Varidnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all DNA viruses that encode major capsid proteins that contain a vertical jelly roll fold. The major capsid proteins (MCP) form into pseudohexameric subunits of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and are perpendicular, or vertical, to the surface of the capsid. Apart from this, viruses in the realm also share many other characteristics, such as minor capsid proteins (mCP) with the vertical jelly roll fold, an ATPase that packages viral DNA into the capsid, and a DNA polymerase that replicates the viral genome. Varidnaviria was established in 2019 based on the shared characteristics of the viruses in the realm. There are two groups of viruses in Varidnaviria: viruses that have a double vertical jelly roll (DJR) folds in the MCP, assigned to the kingdom Bamfordvirae, and viruses that have a single vertical jelly roll (SJR) fold in the MCP, assigned to the kingdom Helvetiavirae. The DJR-MCP lineage is thought to be descended from the SJR-MCP lineage via a gene fusion event, and the SJR-MCP shows a close relation to nucleoplasmins, pointing to a possible origin of the realm's jelly roll fold MCP. Most identified eukaryotic DNA viruses belong to Varidnaviria. Marine viruses in the realm are highly abundant worldwide and are important in marine ecology. Many animal viruses in the realm are associated with disease, including adenoviruses, poxviruses, and the African swine fever virus. Poxviruses have been prominent in the history of medicine, especially smallpox, caused by Variola virus, which was the target of the first vaccine and which later became the first disease eradicated. The realm also notably includes giant viruses that are physically larger and contain a much larger number of genes than typical viruses.

deoxyribonucleic acid nucleoplasmins animal viruses

References

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  2. "Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for DNA viruses encoding vertical jelly roll-type major capsid proteins" (in en) (docx). 18 October 2019. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2019.003G.zip. 
  3. "Structure of large dsDNA viruses". Biol Chem 395 (0): 711-719. July 2014. doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0145. PMID 25003382. PMC 4307781. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307781/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  4. "The So Far Farthest Reaches of the Double Jelly Roll Capsid Protein Fold". Virol J 15 (1): 181. 23 November 2018. doi:10.1186/s12985-018-1097-1. PMID 30470230. PMC 6260650. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6260650/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  5. "Polintons: a hotbed of eukaryotic virus, transposon and plasmid evolution". Nat Rev Microbiol 13 (2): 105-115. February 2015. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3389. PMID 25534808. PMC 5898198. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5898198/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
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  9. "Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae". Arch Virol 159 (6): 1541-1554. June 2014. doi:10.1007/s00705-013-1970-6. PMID 24395078. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00705-013-1970-6. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  10. "Vast diversity of prokaryotic virus genomes encoding double jelly-roll major capsid proteins uncovered by genomic and metagenomic sequence analysis". Virol J 15: 67. 2018. doi:10.1186/s12985-018-0974-y. PMID 29636073. PMC 5894146. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5894146/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  11. Krupovic, M; Dolja, VV; Koonin, EV (14 July 2020). "The LUCA and its complex virome.". Nat Rev Microbiol. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0408-x. PMID 32665595. https://bpp.oregonstate.edu/sites/agscid7/files/bpp/attachments/lucavirome2020.pdf. Retrieved 16 August 2020. 
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  13. The exact nature of polintons is uncertain. While they encode many viral genes, including the MCP and mCP, and appear to both be partially descended from and the ancestors of certain viruses, their other ancestors being transposons, they have not been observed to form virions. It is therefore unclear if they are viruses or if they are a type of transposon. Reflecting this uncertainty is that polintons are sometimes called polintoviruses.
  14. "Conservation of major and minor jelly-roll capsid proteins in Polinton (Maverick) transposons suggests that they are bona fide viruses". Biol Direct 9: 6. 29 April 2014. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-9-6. PMID 24773695. PMC 4028283. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028283/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
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  18. "Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for ssDNA viruses" (in en) (docx). 18 October 2019. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2019.005G.zip. 
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  21. "Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era". Viruses 12 (2): 138. February 2020. doi:10.3390/v12020138. PMID 31991671. PMC 7077202. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7077202/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  22. "African Swine Fever Virus: A Review". Viruses 9 (5): 103. May 2017. doi:10.3390/v9050103. PMID 28489063. PMC 5454416. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454416/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  23. "Virophages of Giant Viruses: An Update at Eleven". Viruses 11 (8): 733. August 2019. doi:10.3390/v11080733. PMID 31398856. PMC 6723459. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723459/. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
  24. "Disentangling the Origins of Virophages and Polintons". Curr Opin Virol 25: 59-65. August 2017. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.011. PMID 28802203. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319012878_Disentangling_the_origins_of_virophages_and_polintons. Retrieved 10 June 2020. 
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