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Topic Review
Factors Related to Fintech Adoption
Technology in general, and information and communication technologies (ICT) specifically, have directly impacted all facets of human life, from innovation processes that affect the economy and industrial and organizational dynamics to important advances in different sectors. Such is the case in the financial sector, where emerging disruptive technologies such as financial technologies (Fintech) are adding elements of ease and speed to the different transactions carried out in that sector.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Effects of biostimulants in horticulture
The biostimulant segment is becoming increasingly important worldwide. One of the reasons for this is that fewer plant protection products are placed on the market in the European Union, and environmental sustainability also plays an important role in their use. Biostimulants are often used in several horticultural sectors, including ornamentals, to strengthen plants, achieve commercial standards, produce quality goods, increase plant vitality, and aid harvesting.
  • 1.7K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Comparison between IRI and IRTAM
This paper focuses on a detailed comparison, based on the F2-layer peak characteristics foF2 and hmF2, between the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), which is a climatological empirical model of the terrestrial ionosphere, and the IRI Real-Time Assimilative Mapping (IRTAM) procedure, which is a real-time version of IRI based on data assimilation from a global network of ionosondes. 
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Metal Phosphates and Pyrophosphates as Proton Conductors
It is about the progress in metal phosphate structural chemistry focused on proton conductivity properties. Attention is paid to structure–property relationships, which ultimately determine the potential use of metal phosphates and derivatives in devices relying on proton conduction. The origin of their conducting properties, including both intrinsic and extrinsic conductivity, is rationalized in terms of distinctive structural features and the presence of specific proton carriers or the factors involved in the formation of extended hydrogen-bond networks.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Solar Envelopes
The increasing population density in urban areas simultaneously impacts the trend of energy consumption in building sectors and the urban heat island (UHI) effects of urban infrastructure. Accordingly, passive design strategies to create sustainable buildings play a major role in addressing these issues, while solar envelopes prove to be a relevant concept that specifically considers the environmental performance aspects of a proposed building given their local contexts. As significant advances have been made over the past decades regarding the development and implementation of computational solar envelopes, this study presents a comprehensive review of solar envelopes while specifically taking into account design parameters, digital tools, and the implementation of case studies in various contextual settings. This extensive review is conducted in several stages. First, an investigation of the scope and procedural steps of the review is conducted to frame the boundary of the topic to be analyzed within the conceptual framework of solar envelopes. Second, comparative analyses between categorized design methods in parallel with a database of design parameters are conducted, followed by an in-depth discussion of the criteria for the digital tools and case studies extracted from the selected references. Third, knowledge gaps are identified, and the future development of solar envelopes is discussed to complete the review. This study ultimately provides an inclusive understanding for designers and architects regarding the progressive methods of the development of solar envelopes during the conceptual design stage.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus)
Blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) is a labyrinth fish of the suborder Anabantoidei, order Perciformes. It is a small tropical freshwater fish characterized by the presence of a chamber, or labyrinth, above the gills for the uptake of oxygen from the air for breathing. The labyrinth enables adaptation to life in water with low dissolved oxygen by partial air breathing.
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are small fragments of graphene with lateral dimensions less than 100 nm, with properties deriving from both graphene and carbon points.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Interfaces in State-of-the-Art Cable Connectors
One of the most important causes of insulation system failure is the breakdown of the interface between two solid dielectrics; understanding the mechanisms governing this breakdown phenomenon is therefore critical. Solid–solid interfaces in accessories have non-uniform distributions of electrical fields within them in comparison to cables, where the distribution is mostly radial and symmetrical.
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Efficient Real-Time Decision Making in IoT
Efficient Real-Time Decision Making in IoT(the Internet of Things) is about using real-time sensor data, using fresh sensor data that represent the current real-world status to minimize.          
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Based Materials，Antimicrobial Food Packaging
Antimicrobial packaging is a robust technology to provide fresher, safer, and higher quality food products, which concerns about foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. It is a form of active packaging (including oxygen scavengers, moisture absorbers, ultraviolet barriers, and other mechanisms delivering antioxidant, flavoring, or antimicrobial activity), and the packaging material interacts with the packaged food in a desirable way. Antimicrobial packaging stands out as an emerging technology that not only prolongs the shelf life of food products but also helps maintain their quality.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Production of Rare Earth Elements
Rare earth elements (REE) are less than 20% of all elements naturally occurring in the environment. They are defined as a group of 17 elements comprising scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), and lanthanum (La) elements of group 3B of Periodic Table, and the 14 elements of the lanthanides series, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Underwater Vision Enhancement
Underwater video images, as the primary carriers of underwater information, play a vital role in human exploration and development of the ocean. Due to the absorption and scattering of incident light by water bodies, the video images collected underwater generally appear blue-green and have an apparent fog-like effect. In addition, blur, low contrast, color distortion, more noise, unclear details, and limited visual range are the typical problems that degrade the quality of underwater video images. Underwater vision enhancement uses computer technology to process degraded underwater images and convert original low-quality images into a high-quality image. The problems of color bias, low contrast, and atomization of original underwater video images are effectively solved by using vision enhancement technology. Enhanced video images improve the visual perception ability and are benefificial for subsequent visual tasks. Therefore, underwater video image enhancement technology has important scientifific signifificance and application value. 
  • 1.7K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Market Premium for Green Buildings
In real estate markets, there is growing relevance of Green Buildings, especially in cities where the greater part of residential buildings is built before the first regulations on energy performance. Through policies oriented towards sustainable practices, a twofold goal can be achieved: energy consumption mitigation respecting the historical value for existing buildings, direct economic impacts on real estate values.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Alginate Microparticles for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications
Alginates are the most widely used natural polymers in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Usually, they are applied as a thickening, gel-forming and stabilizing agent. Moreover, the alginate-based formulations such as matrices, membranes, nanospheres or microcapsules are often used as delivery systems. Alginate microparticles (AMP) are biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic carriers, applied to encapsulate hydrophilic active substances, including probiotics.
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
International Monetary Systems
An international monetary system is a set of internationally agreed rules, conventions and supporting institutions that facilitate international trade, cross border investment and generally the reallocation of capital between nation states. It should provide means of payment acceptable to buyers and sellers of different nationalities, including deferred payment. To operate successfully, it needs to inspire confidence, to provide sufficient liquidity for fluctuating levels of trade, and to provide means by which global imbalances can be corrected. The system can grow organically as the collective result of numerous individual agreements between international economic factors spread over several decades. Alternatively, it can arise from a single architectural vision, as happened at Bretton Woods in 1944.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Application of Membrane Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry
With the advancement in membrane technology, membrane separation technology has been found increasingly widespread applications in the pharmaceutical industry. It is utilized in drug separation and purification, wastewater treatment, and the recycling of wastewater resources. 
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biodegradation of Polyolefins
Polyolefins, including PE, PP and PS, are composed of C–C and C–H bonds, which are more stable against degradation than ester bonds. During polyolefin biodegradation, C–C and C–H bonds are oxidized. Many types of microorganisms have been isolated from sea water, compost and activated sludge with the capacity for polyolefin biodegradation.With the development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, engineered strains could be used to degrade plastics.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Overcrowding in Emergency Department
Overcrowding in Emergency Departments (EDs) is a phenomenon that is now widespread globally and causes a significant negative impact that goes on to affect the entire hospital.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Trade competition
We discuss the concept of trade competition and review the fundamental measures recently introduced in the literature to capture this concept in empirical terms. To that end, a modified version of the Krugman index is taken as starting point.  
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Water Service Provision
The controversy between the performance of public and private ownership of water and wastewater services is common worldwide. In most cases, this discussion is biased due to ideological issues or insufficiency or inconsistency of information. This study aims to compare the performance of private water utilities with that of public water utilities, using rich, robust, and audited information from Portuguese operators. The benchmarking exercise focuses on three distinct areas, namely, the efficiency and effectiveness of the investments made, the quality of service provided, and the tariffs and prices implemented. From the analysis performed, it is concluded that, on average, the performance of private water utilities exceeds that of public water utilities, and prejudice in most cases is unjustified regarding private ownership. Anyway, water, as an essential service, should always be provided, regardless of utility ownership.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2020
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