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Topic Review
Sustainable Manufacturing 4.0
The manufacturing industry has undergone numerous revolutions over the years, with a unanimous acceptance of the greater benefits of being sustainable. The present industrial wave—Industry 4.0—by using its enabling technologies and principles holds great potential to develop sustainable manufacturing paradigms which require balancing out the three fundamental elements—products, processes, and systems. Yet, numerous stakeholders, including industrial policy and decision makers, remain oblivious of such potential and requirements. Thus, this bibliometric study is aimed at presenting an overview of the broad field of research on the convergence of sustainable manufacturing and Industry 4.0 under the umbrella of “Sustainable Manufacturing 4.0”, which has yet to be developed. 
  • 794
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation
Microalgae is a renewable resource with potential value as a commodity and for combating climate change. Commercial cultivation can be done through open ponds or photobioreactors (PBRs), with open ponds being less expensive. PBRs offer potential better controls but are hindered by cost-related issues. Outdoor PBRs are a promising solution, but challenges related to relying on natural resources remain. Further research is needed to make PBRs commercially viable.
  • 794
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Design, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roofs
Urbanisation affects the water cycle and heat balance in a negative way. Vegetated roofs have the potential to minimise the effects of urbanisation. Converting concrete and tiles roofs into green roofs can increase green urban areas and has the potential to reverse such effects, so the design, construction and maintenance of green roofs are very important.
  • 789
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biopolymer-Based Composites from Agricultural Waste Biomass
Natural fibers are derived from a variety of flora and fauna sources and are utilized in the production of textiles and other commodities. These materials are recognized for their capacity to decompose naturally, their ability to endure over time, and their positive impact on the ecosystem. Fibers derived from agricultural waste biomass pertain to fibers procured from the residual components of crops, including but not limited to straw, stalks, leaves, and husks.
  • 779
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Microbial Community Analysis
The microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion (AD) is important because it affects process robustness. High-throughput sequencing offers high-resolution data regarding the microbial diversity and robustness of biological systems including AD; however, to understand the dynamics of microbial processes, knowing the microbial diversity is not adequate alone. Advanced meta-omic techniques have been established to determine the activity and interactions among organisms in biological processes like AD. Results of these methods can be used to identify biomarkers for AD states. This can aid a better understanding of system dynamics and be applied to producing comprehensive models for AD. 
  • 778
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Production of BioH2 Using Microalgae
Demand for clean energy has increased due to the proliferation of climate change impact from excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the combustion of fossil fuels. H2 is a clean energy source since water vapor is the only byproduct after its combustion. Growing microalgae offers a promising low-energy and low-cost approach for bioH2 production. Diverse microalgae can generate bioH2, including Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Monoraphidium sp., Platymonas sp., Tetraspora sp., Closterium sp., and Chlamydomonas sp. Even though green microalgae have high potential as a renewable energy source, only about 70 species from more than 30 genera have been researched so far.
  • 774
  • 13 Jan 2023
Biography
Jae Kwang Park
Dr. Park is a distinguished professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to wastewater treatment technology and environmental sustainability, Dr. Park's work has had a profound impact on both the sciences and the humanities. Dr. Park's most notable contribution is the development of a re
  • 773
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Virus Monitoring Strategies for Wastewater Reuse
Wastewater reclamation and reuse have the potential to supplement water supplies, offering resiliency in times of drought and helping to meet increased water demands associated with population growth. Non-potable water reuse represents the largest potential reuse market. Yet, economic constraints for new water reuse infrastructure and safety concerns due to microbial water quality, especially viral pathogen exposure, limit the widespread implementation of water reuse. Cost-effective, real-time methods to measure or indicate the viral quality of recycled water would do much to instill greater confidence in the practice.  One of the greatest challenges of water-quality monitoring is that pathogens (including viruses as well as bacteria and protozoa) are often present at concentrations high enough to present disease risks but too low for direct detection. As a result, a variety of surrogate microorganisms are used as indicators of microbial water quality. 
  • 767
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Inclusive Design of Workspaces
Accessible design within the built environment has often focused on mobility conditions and has recently widened to include mental health. Additionally, as one in seven are neurodivergent (including conditions such as ADHD, autism, dyslexia, and dyspraxia), this highlights a growing need for designing for ‘non-visible’ conditions in addition to mobility. Emphasised by the growing disability pay gap and the disability perception gap, people with disabilities are still facing discrimination and physical barriers within the workplace. To ensure the built environment contributes to an equal and inclusive society, people need to ensure their spaces are being designed to be accessible and inclusive. Successful integration of inclusive design within the design process contributes to the overall usability of the space, thus improving the overall sustainability of infrastructure. Similarly, by following the social model of disability, designers must aim to remove barriers experienced by the user, hence shifting the responsibility onto the designer to actively design a better space.
  • 761
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Polyelectrolytes Sorbents used in Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) face great challenges in optimizing technologies and ensuring environmental sustainability, in direct correlation with the increased pollution with emerging and priority compounds, wastewater quality discharged and climate changes challenges. The recent developments on the synthesis and characterization of composites based on polyelectrolytes, are discussed, and a correlation of their actual structure and properties with the adsorption mechanisms and removal efficiencies of various pollutants in aqueous media (priority and emerging pollutants or other model pollutants) are presented.
  • 760
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Twin Transition through Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies
Key Enabling Technologies (KET) support the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and are also considered the main drivers of the Circular Economy (CE) transition. In this respect, the guidelines and real use cases to inspire enterprises and industry to lead the twin digital and green transition are still poor.
  • 755
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Membrane Technologies in Dairy Industry
Membrane technologies can be used in the dairy industry for many applications, such as milk clarification or fractioning and a concentration increase in specific components or the separation of them, since they cover a huge range of pore sizes (from 0 to 2 μm) and MWCOs (from 1 to 100,000 Da). For instance, MF can be used for fat globule (10 μm) fractionation as well as bacteria and spore (1 μm) removal. UF can be used for casein micelles (100 nm) or serum protein (10 nm) separation, whereas NF and RO can be used for lactose (1 nm), salt (0.1 nm) and water recovery.
  • 754
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Wood Ash Based Treatment of Anaerobic Digestate
The anaerobic digestion (AD) was first applied to deal with the sewage sludge (SS) produced during the primary and secondary treatment of wastewater, but its use to deal with agro-waste and the MSW with around 70% of organic material has been subsequently encouraged.
  • 726
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Geopolymer Cement-Based Composite as Self-Cleaning Coating
Geopolymer is the combination of the pozzolanic compound, which is also known as aluminosilicate source materials with an alkaline activator solution. The concept of green blending materials has led to the development of a new binding material for green materials, which is geopolymer with an addition of photocatalyst. Moreover, concepts of self-cleaning have received great attention in construction building materials. Self-cleaning with the presence of photocatalyst has been applied in building materials to overcome the problem of building surfaces becoming dirty after exposure for a long time in highly polluted areas.
  • 718
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Smart Urban Water Systems
Urban water systems comprise the infrastructures and operating controls of water supply, wastewater, stormwater, and recycled water systems. They serve the social, constructed, and natural subsystems of living cities and they connect elements of these subsystems through water uses and impacts due to linkages among natural, social, and built systems. A smart urban water system would join the constellation of other smart systems in a smart city, which use computer controls and information to collect data, use that data to improve operations, and communicate with citizens about all aspects of their lives in the cities.
  • 716
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising way to produce renewable energy. The solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) with a dry matter content more than 15% in the reactors is seeing its increasing potential in biogas plant deployment. The relevant processes involve multiple of evolving chemical and physical phenomena that are not crucial to conventional liquid-state anaerobic digestion processes (LSAD). A good simulation of SSAD is of great importance to better control and operate the reactors. The modeling of SSAD reactors could be realized either by theoretical or statistical approaches.
  • 712
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Removal of Dyestuffs from Effluents onto Biochar
Processing significant amounts of dye effluent discharges into receiving waters can supply major benefits to countries that are affected by the water crisis and anticipated future stress in many areas in the world. When compared to most conventional adsorbents, biochars can provide an economically attractive solution. In comparison to many other textile effluent treatment processes, adsorption technology provides an economical, easily managed, and highly effective treatment option.
  • 708
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Air Pollution Monitoring
Tracking the source of air pollution plumes and monitoring the air quality during emergency events in real-time is crucial to support decision-makers in making an appropriate evacuation plan. Internet of Things (IoT) based air quality tracking and monitoring platforms have used stationary sensors around the environment. However, fixed IoT sensors may not be enough to monitor the air quality in a vast area during emergency situations. Therefore, many applications consider utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to monitor the air pollution plumes environment.
  • 700
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen is one of the main energy carriers playing a prominent role in the future decarbonization of the economy. However, several aspects regarding the transport and storage of this gas are challenging. The intermediary conversion of hydrogen into high-density energy molecules may be a crucial step until technological conditions are ready to attain a significant reduction in fossil fuel use in transport and the industrial sector. 
  • 699
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Built Environment Factors and Residential Land Carbon Emissions
Evaluating the effects of built environment factors (BEF) on residential land carbon emissions (RLCE) is an effective way to reduce RLCE and promote low-carbon development from the perspective of urban planning.
  • 694
  • 13 May 2022
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