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Topic Review
Intelligent Manufacturing Planning System Using Dispatch Rules
Specifically, a number of jobs were sorted together based on the material used and then consolidated for subsequent processes, i.e., assigned to the corresponding machines. To achieve the optimal sorting for the received orders, a combinatorial dispatch rule was proposed, which were Earliest Due Date (EDD), First In First Out (FIFO), and Shortest Processing Time (SPT).
  • 592
  • 18 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Multi-Mode Process
Multi-mode processing is a central feature of modern industry. The application of monitoring technology to multi-mode processing is crucial to ensure process safety and to enhance product quality.
  • 587
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Fault Tolerant Techniques in USNs
Sensor networks provide services to a broad range of applications ranging from intelligence service surveillance to weather forecasting. While most of the sensor networks are terrestrial, Underwater Sensor Networks (USN) are an emerging area. One of the unavoidable and increasing challenges for modern USN technology is tolerating faults, i.e., accepting that hardware is imperfect, and coping with it. Fault Tolerance tends to have more impact in underwater than in terrestrial environment as the latter is generally more forgiving. Moreover, reaching the malfunctioning devices for replacement and maintenance under water is harder and more costly.
  • 586
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Brain-Inspired Robot Control
Multifunctional control in real time is a critical target in intelligent robotics. Combined with behavioral flexibility, such control enables real-time robot navigation and adaption to complex, often changing environments. Multifunctionality is observed across a wide range of living species and behaviors. As made clear above, even seemingly simple organisms such as invertebrates demonstrate multifunctional control. Living systems rely on the ability to shift from one behavior to another, and to vary a specific behavior for successful action under changing environmental conditions. Truly multifunctional control is a major challenge in robotics. A plausible approach is to develop a methodology that maps multifunctional biological system properties onto simulations to potentiate rapid prototyping and real-time simulation of solutions (control architectures). 
  • 584
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Technical Aspects of Autonomous Vehicles Research
According to the SAE J3016 standard, autonomous vehicles (AV) are accepted cars classified between levels 3 and 5.
  • 579
  • 20 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Modeling and Control of Isolated DC–DC Converters
Bidirectional DC–DC converters are frequently chosen for applications requiring high power density such as in bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) chargers. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) technology makes the EV battery an electrical energy source. 
  • 560
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Vehicle and Adverse Weather Conditions
The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is becoming increasingly important as the need for reliable and safe transportation grows. However, in order to achieve level 5 autonomy, it is crucial that such AVs can navigate through complex and unconventional scenarios. It has been observed that currently deployed AVs, like human drivers, struggle the most in cases of adverse weather conditions, unsignalized intersections, crosswalks, roundabouts, and near-accident scenarios.
  • 540
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bounding Box Based Perception Modules
Perception modules use raw data streams obtained from sensors mounted on car like camera, radar or lidar devices to recognize and interpret the surroundings. Raw data collected by sensors must be properly interpreted and processed to be understood by computer. This type of analysis is carried out by algorithms supported mainly by many trained neural networks (detectors). Most perception modules based on computer vision systems use bounding boxes to mark the recognized objects in each separate frame of the video stream.
  • 524
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Vehicle-to-Grid Techniques
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology has received a lot of attention as a smart interconnection solution between electric vehicles and the grid.
  • 512
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Use of Autonomous Vehicles in Nonintrusive Object Inspection
Traditional nonintrusive object inspection methods are complex or extremely expensive to apply in certain cases, such as inspection of enormous objects, underwater or maritime inspection, an unobtrusive inspection of a crowded place, etc. With the latest advances in robotics, autonomous self-driving vehicles could be applied for this task.
  • 506
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Safe Control of Autonomous Vehicles
Mobile robot path planning has passed through multiple phases of development and took up several challenges. With the new technology in hands, it becomes less complicated to conduct path planning for mobile robots  (including autonomous vehicles) and avoid both static and dynamic obstacles, so that collision-free navigation is ensured. 
  • 502
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Defect Detection in Clothing
Blind people often encounter challenges in managing their clothing, specifically in identifying defects such as stains or holes. With the progress of the computer vision field, it is crucial to minimize these limitations as much as possible to assist blind people with selecting appropriate clothing. 
  • 502
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Fast Prototyping Microfluidics
Microfluidic (MF) advancements have been leveraged toward the development of state-of-the-art platforms for molecular diagnostics, where isothermal amplification schemes allow for further simplification of DNA detection and quantification protocols. The MF integration with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is today the focus of a new generation of chip-based devices for molecular detection, aiming at fast and automated nucleic acid analysis. Here, we combined MF with droplet digital LAMP (ddLAMP) on an all-in-one device that allows for droplet generation, target amplification, and absolute quantification. This multilayer 3D chip was developed in less than 30 minutes by using a low-cost and extremely adaptable production process that exploits direct laser writing technology in “Shrinky-dinks” polystyrene sheets. ddLAMP and target quantification were performed directly on-chip, showing a high correlation between target concentration and positive droplet score. We validated this integrated chip via the amplification of targets ranging from five to 500,000 copies/reaction. Furthermore, on-chip amplification was performed in a 10 µL volume, attaining a limit of detection of five copies/µL under 60 min. This technology was applied to quantify a cancer biomarker, c-MYC, but it can be further extended to any other disease biomarker.
  • 483
  • 25 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems
Maximum solar power can be generated only when the Sun is perpendicular to the solar panel, which can be achieved only for a few hours when using a fixed solar panel system, hence the development of an automatic solar tracking system. Over the years, different solar tracking systems have been proposed and developed.
  • 482
  • 26 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an approach in Machine Learning that aims to solve dynamic and complex problems, in which autonomous entities, called agents, are trained to take actions that will lead them to an optimal solution
  • 472
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Selecting Suitable Battery Technologies for Untethered Robots
Energy storage is one of the major barriers to achieve long-duration autonomy in robots. This entry evaluates the capabilities of relevant battery technologies, taking into consideration the requirements of different applications in robotics. We also discuss additional technologies that can be used to overcome the inherent limitations of the most common battery chemistries.
  • 470
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Models to Predict Prosthetic Ankle Torque
Inverse dynamics from motion capture is the most common technique for acquiring biomechanical kinetic data. However, this method is time-intensive, limited to a gait laboratory setting, and requires a large array of reflective markers to be attached to the body. A practical alternative must be developed to provide biomechanical information to high-bandwidth prosthesis control systems to enable predictive controllers.
  • 468
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Programming of Industrial Robots with Tracker
Newly installed robots, as well as those already in use, require the development of software or its modification, which is why robot programming methods are a rapidly developing field. The main purpose of the newly developed methods is to speed up the programming process and make it easier for staff to execute it. Reducing programming time is a source of cost savings and is of enormous importance to businesses.
  • 464
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
3D Printing and Implementation of Digital Twins
Fabricating objects with desired mechanical properties by utilizing 3D printing methods can be expensive and time-consuming, especially when based only on a trial-and-error test modus operandi. Digital twins (DT) can be proposed as a solution to understand, analyze and improve the fabricated item, service system or production line.  The current trends and limitations in DTs for additive manufacturing are summarized, in order to provide more insights for further research on DT systems.
  • 452
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Challenges in the Field of Autonomous Vehicles
The term autonomous vehicle (AV) has become ubiquitous in our lives, owing to the extensive research and development that frequently make headlines. Nonetheless, the flourishing of AVs hinges on many factors due to the extremely stringent demands for safety, security, and reliability. Besides lingering technical problems, the complexity of the AV infrastructure makes it vulnerable to security and privacy attacks that can endanger the lives of passengers and commuters. Surpassing traditional centralized security systems, blockchain has emerged as the best solution to provide the much-needed security shield to AVs with its data transparency, immutability, and decentralized approach. Therefore, enriching and enmeshing technologies like AI, edge computing, IoT, 5G and Blockchain into a robust system will lead to the realization of our much-yearned AV dream into reality.
  • 450
  • 24 Feb 2023
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