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Topic Review
Self-Assembled III-V Semiconductor Quantum Dots
A fundamental understanding of the growth of semiconductors is essential for the optimization of quantum dot-based optoelectronic devices. Droplet epitaxy has proven to be the successful versatile growth method for instance growing quantum dots with a small fine structure splitting for quantum information technology. Precise control and tuning of the quantum dots for various applications is only possible through a detailed understanding of the growth mechanism at the atomic level, which creates the need for atomic-scale structural and composition characterization. We present an overview of the results of detailed structural and composition analysis by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and atom probe tomography of quantum dots grown by self-assembled droplet epitaxy where we focus mainly on strain-free GaAs/AlGaAs and strained InAs/InP QDs.
  • 2.0K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Finn River (County Fermanagh and County Monaghan)
The Finn River (Irish: An Fhinn or Abhainn na Finne), also known as the River Finn, is a small river that flows through parts of County Fermanagh and County Monaghan in the south of Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. Part of the river forms the boundary between County Fermanagh and County Monaghan, thus forming a short part of the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Two very short stretches of the river, just north of Redhills and at Castle Saunderson, near Belturbet, also form part of the boundary between County Fermanagh and County Cavan. Parts of the river flow entirely within County Fermanagh, while other parts of the river flow entirely within County Monaghan. The Finn River should not be confused with the better known and much longer River Finn in County Donegal in the west of Ulster. The Finn River rises on the slopes of Slieve Beagh in the south-east of County Fermanagh, rising to the north of Roslea, a village also located in south-east Fermanagh. It initially flows in a southerly direction, meandering around both Rough Hill and Gola, two neighbouring townlands in the north-west of County Monaghan that are a short distance north-east of Roslea. The river then flows back into Fermanagh, skirting around the north-western, western and southern edges of Roslea and along the western edge of Spring Grove Forest, crossing back into County Monaghan beside New Bridge. At a place between New Bridge and Aghafin House, the river meanders around a sharp bend, flowing in a south-easterly direction for almost two miles, entirely within County Monaghan, between the townland of Aghafin, just north-east of Clones, and the townland of Nook, just south-east of Stonebridge. Thereafter, the river mainly flows in a south-westerly direction, all the way to its mouth on Upper Lough Erne. The river flows through Stonebridge and Analore, two hamlets in West Monaghan. It flows very close to Ballynure House, a now ruined Late Georgian residence just outside Analore. The Finn flows to the east, and then to the south, of Clones, the main town in West Monaghan. The river flows just to the north and north-west of the Hilton Park Demesne, near the village of Scotshouse, also in West Monaghan. The Finn flows through Wattlebridge, a hamlet in the south-east of County Fermanagh, then enters Upper Lough Erne nearby, entering the lough directly opposite Derrykerrib (Irish: Doire Ceirbe), an island and townland also in the south-east of County Fermanagh. The river flows into a narrow channel of the lough at this place, where the townland of Edergool in County Fermanagh meets the townland of Castlesaunderson Demesne, where Castle Saunderson is located, in County Cavan. Thus, half of the river's mouth is in County Fermanagh, while the other half is in County Cavan. The river's mouth, which is at the edge of the Castle Saunderson Demesne, is also very near the Lanesborough Demesne, a former demesne in the townland of Quivvy on the County Cavan shore of Upper Lough Erne. The Lanesborough Demesne, near Belturbet, is directly opposite the north-western shore of Derrykerrib Island. Traditionally, the Finn River was considered navigable for most of the year by certain types of river boat, from its mouth upstream as far as Cumber Bridge in the townland of Coolnalong (Irish: Cúil na Long), a bridge located between Scotshouse and Clones. The river meanders significantly throughout most of its course.
  • 2.0K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Advantages of Nanofertilizers over the Traditional Chemical Fertilizers
The microflora of the soil is adversely affected by chemical fertilizers. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has increased crop yield dramatically at the cost of soil vigor. The pH of the soil is temporarily changed by chemical fertilizers, which kill the beneficial soil microflora and can cause absorption stress on crop plants. This leads to higher dosages during the application, causing groundwater leaching and environmental toxicity. Nanofertilizers (NFs) reduce the quantity of fertilizer needed in agriculture, enhance nutrient uptake efficiency, and decrease fertilizer loss due to runoff and leaching. Moreover, NFs can be used for soil or foliar applications and have shown promising results in a variety of plant species. The main constituents of nanomaterials are micro- and macronutrient precursors and their properties at the nanoscale.
  • 2.0K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Edu-Escape Rooms
Escape Rooms are cooperative games in which players must find clues, solve puzzles, and perform a variety of tasks within a limited time. The goal is usually to escape or leave a room, place, or environment. When the Escape Rooms have a pedagogical purpose, they are usually called Edu-Escape Rooms and can be related to gamification and Game-Based Learning. The potential for student engagement and motivation is one of the main advantages of Edu-Escape Rooms.
  • 2.0K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Self-Regulation in E-Learning Environment
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the accelerated spread of e-learning around the world. In e-learning, self-regulation becomes more relevant than ever. Reducing the influence of traditional features of the face-to-face learning environment and increasing the impact of the e-environment place high demands on students’ self-regulation. The author’s self-regulation e-learning model emphasizes the position of e-learning at the intersection of the electronic environment and the learning environment.
  • 2.0K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Vortex-Induced Motions of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Structures
The ‘Green Shift’ from fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas) to renewable energy (sunlight, wind, waves and tide) is now a global trend. DNV forecasts that by 2050, the installed floating global wind capacity will have grown from today’s 100 megawatts (MW) to over 264 gigawatts (GW), so that 2% of the world’s electricity demand can be supplied by cost-efficient and dependable floating offshore wind. Floating offshore wind is considered to be a viable solution at water depths exceeding 50 to 60 m with abundant wind resources. As a fast-evolving technology, it has the potential for less foundation material, shortened installation cycle and decommissioning, and additional wind power generation.
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Demand Side Management
Demand Side Management (DSM) is a cost-effective approach to managing electricity networks, aimed at reducing capacity requirements and costs, increasing the penetration of renewable generation, and reducing power system emissions.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Multilingualism in and out of Films and Stereotypes
Films serve to (re-)create a ‘world’ within the mind of the audience. Additionally, they introduce or reinforce stereotypes portrayed as a reality of the modern world through multiplexity and the strategic use of foreign languages, dialects, and non-native language use, among others. Various concepts of stereotypes can be explored in fiction feature films, especially as film characters are often based on different kinds of stereotypes. Audiovisual texts tend to operate as cultural constructs that reflect and convey certain ideologies within an industry that holds the power to marginalize or belittle voices. Multilingual films highlight the contrasts among and within cultures; hence, they can further exacerbate the marginalization and stereotyping of different cultures and nations, ultimately having damaging effects on society’s perception of different stereotypes, such as race and gender groups, which is shown with the examples from a multilingual film. 
  • 2.0K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbon as a Biomaterial for Scaffold Development
A scaffold is a crucial biological substitute designed to aid the treatment of damaged tissue caused by trauma and disease. Various scaffolds are developed with different materials, known as biomaterials, and have shown to be a potential tool to facilitate in vitro cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Among the materials studied, carbon materials are potential biomaterials that can be used to develop scaffolds for cell growth. Many researchers have attempted to build a scaffold following the origin of the tissue cell by mimicking the pattern of their extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, extensive studies were performed on the various parameters that could influence cell behaviour. Previous studies have shown that various factors should be considered in scaffold production, including the porosity, pore size, topography, mechanical properties, wettability, and electroconductivity, which are essential in facilitating cellular response on the scaffold. These interferential factors will help determine the appropriate architecture of the carbon-based scaffold, influencing stem cell (SC) response.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Candida Infection
Candida species are common global opportunistic pathogens that could repeatedly and chronically cause oral mucosa infection and create an inflammatory environment, leading to organ dysfunction. Oral Candida infections may cause temporary or permanent damage to salivary glands, resulting in the destruction of acinar cells and the formation of scar tissue. Restricted function of the salivary glands leads to discomfort and diseases of the oral mucosa, such as dry mouth and associated infection.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Solvent Injection for SLNs/NLCs Preparation
A number of studies have used the solvent injection method to produce solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and various drugs have been loaded into these carriers for different applications. Here, we present major SLNs and NLCs systems and details of applications that use this method in 2006-2020. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of various parameters of solvent injection method on SLNs and NLCs production and propose some suggestions regarding future developments and applications.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Anabolic Steroids and COVID-19 Infection
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic analogs of testosterone that can affect the immune system. Bodybuilders and sportsmen are at risk of abusing AASs. The findings suggest that the use of AASs could be an underlying risk factor for COVID-19 severity. 
  • 2.0K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
The Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (codified at 47 U.S.C. ch. 5, subch. V–A) was an act of Congress passed on October 30, 1984 to promote competition and deregulate the cable television industry. The act established a national policy for the regulation of cable television communications by federal, state, and local authorities. Conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona wrote and supported the act, which amended the Communications Act of 1934 with the insertion of "Title VI—Cable Communications". After more than three years of debate, six provisions were enacted to represent the intricate compromise between cable operators and municipalities.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Perspective Projection Distortion
This page is about graphical perspective projection, specifically about distortion Perspective projection distortion is the mechanism that permits a draftsman or artist to produce linear perspective. It is accomplished by a geometric protocol that exhibits the inevitable distortion of three-dimensional space when “projected," i.e., drawn, on a two-dimensional surface. The words projected/projection here refer to the use of graphics’ lines in the protocol to simulate light ray traces from a Station Point (a supposed observer´s location) to the edges and corners of an object in space, creating thereby or by their extension, an image at the lines’ points of intersection with a Projection Plane. No type of projection can perfectly map the imagery of three dimensional space onto a projection plane because of the image's (mapped on the retina-sphere) undevelopability. This is a distortion of the drawing in itself called perspective projection distortion, and refers to the difference between the drawing and the way the objects depicted on it would look if it was real, but there is another distortion caused by the difference between the location of the supposed observer situated for the drawing process and the location of the real observer of the drawing. These two distortions exist simultaneously. In the special case — and the only instance — in which perspective imagery appears affected only by the perspective projection distortion, the real observer must view the perspective imagery from precisely the supposed station point of the perspective. Real human vision and perspective projection should (unless it is otherwise desired) look the same. The difference should be imperceptible. The base to rate the quality of the perspective projection is the real vision and the difference between them is the perspective projection distortion. Normal human vision should not be considered to present any distortion unless a disturbing factor is involved. Distortion in human vision appears when there is a visual problem involved. The use of lenses can also cause, modify or avoid these distortions. In photography a lens may magnify distortion.
  • 2.0K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Current Animal Production Systems from Napier Grass
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) supports a significant proportion of animal production in subtropical and tropical regions, but its quality is low and when offered alone, results in low ruminant production. Shifting the management of Napier grass towards a higher-quality feed increased milk yield and liveweight gain for small, mature cattle without supplementation. 
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Dendrochronology
A significant part of our cultural heritage consists of wood. Research on historical wooden structures and artefacts thereby provides knowledge of people’s daily lives and the society in which they lived. Dendrochronology is a well-established dating method of wood that can also provide valuable knowledge about climate dynamics, environmental changes, silviculture, and cultural transformations. But dendrochronological surveys in the context of cultural heritage studies are rarely ultimately performed. In this study, we discuss how continuous communication between end users and dendrochronologists can significantly improve the quality of heritage studies based on dendrochronological results.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Probiotic Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and its Fermented Foods
Lb. plantarum is a kind of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) widely distributed in fermented food and the human intestinal tract, some strains of which have important effects on human health and the potential to be developed into probiotics.
  • 2.0K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Polyploidy
The occurrence of polyploidy in plants was discovered about a century ago. Because of the widespread occurrence of polyploids in wild and cultivated plants, it is important for plant breeders and evolutionary biologists. In the past, antimitotic reagents-induced polyploids have not directly contributed to crop improvement.
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Minerals Approved by IMA (E)
This list includes those recognised minerals beginning with the letter E. The International Mineralogical Association is the international group that recognises new minerals and new mineral names, however minerals discovered before 1959 did not go through the official naming procedure, although some minerals published previously have been either confirmed or discredited since that date. This list contains a mixture of mineral names that have been approved since 1959 and those mineral names believed to still refer to valid mineral species (these are called "grandfathered" species). The list is divided into groups: The data was exported from mindat.org on 29 April 2005; updated up to 'IMA2018'. The minerals are sorted by name, followed by the structural group (rruff.info/ima and ima-cnmnc by mineralienatlas.de, mainly) or chemical class (mindat.org and basics), the year of publication (if it's before of an IMA approval procedure), the IMA approval and the Nickel–Strunz code. The first link is to mindat.org, the second link is to webmineral.com, and the third is to the Handbook of Mineralogy (Mineralogical Society of America).
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Updated Understanding of Cancer
       Cancer is a tumorigenesis process that forms a mass of cells that we call a tumor. During tumorigenesis, the cells that compose the tumor can be benign or malignant. When the cells in the tumor are normal but old, the tumor is termed benign. When the cells in the tumor are abnormal and can grow uncontrollably, the tumor is malignant. Sometimes a benign tumor can transform into a malign one if the normal old cells begin to develop abnormalities, such as DNA mutations, and grow rapidly. - by Cristian Muresanu
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Oct 2020
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