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Topic Review
Infrared Thermography: Sick Domestic Animals
Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed.
  • 840
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Starch Modifications Outside the Plant System
Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. 
  • 840
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Postharvest Plant Protection
Sustainable and organic plant production uses natural products and natural self-regulation processes occurring in the ecosystem. The awareness is growing and the demands of consumers are higher and higher.
  • 839
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene in Wheat
Wheat has a large and diverse repertoire of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs) involved in disease resistance, with over 1500 NLRs detected in some studies. These NLR genes occur as singletons or clusters containing copies of NLRs from different phylogenetic clades. The number of NLRs and cluster size can differ drastically among ecotypes and cultivars.
  • 837
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Unique Orchid Arundina graminifolia
Although the regulatory conduits for continuous flowering are basically connected to dormancy and bud release, A. graminifolia is unique in the aspect that it escapes dormancy and rapidly completes the flowering initiation and development. Therefore, the molecular patterning of continuous flowering is an interesting subject to study
  • 836
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
The Transition Period of Dairy Cows
Considerable literature exists on the severe challenges faced by dairy cows at their transition from calving to lactation. Most studies focus on the transition period (TP) phase, which begins three weeks before calving and spans the first three weeks of lactation. Typically, this physiological phase implies severe alterations in the metabolic asset of dairy cows. These alterations are driven by sudden changes in hormonal trends and nutrient partitioning as well as by the adaptation of the animal’s metabolism to the negative energy and protein balance conditions driven by late pregnancy and early lactation requirements.
  • 836
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Equine Welfare and Assessment in the United Kingdom
In order to assess equine welfare meaningfully, it is important to consider what is meant by ‘animal welfare’, and there are varied definitions of the term. These include ideas that welfare is the animal’s state regarding attempts to cope with his/her environment, incorporating both physical health and mental wellbeing, which are influenced by factors such as those from the 'five freedoms' and the 'five domains', and concepts focusing on the quality of life, such as 'a life worth living'. Differences in definitions may arise due to differences in moral or ethical standards of society and stakeholders being inclined to emphasise different aspects of animal welfare (e.g., health, productivity, behaviour, ‘naturalness’, etc.).
  • 836
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
Anthocyanin Acylation in North American Grapes
Hydroxycinnamylated anthocyanins (or simply ‘acylated anthocyanins’) increase color stability in grape products, such as wine.
  • 834
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Asthma and COVID-19 Associations
Asthma is no longer considered a single disease entity but rather an umbrella term used to describe a collection of various phenotypes and endotypes. Asthma manifests as an obstruction of airflow due to airway hyper-responsiveness, leading to symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness.
  • 833
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Role of MicroRNAs in Ruminants
One of the most prosperous subspecies of terrestrial mammals is the ruminant family. They live in a wide range of diverse environments around the world and have a big impact on various ecosystems, industries including agriculture, leisure activities, and cultures. MicroRNAs perform essential functions in a variety of biological processes, including differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, development, and inflammation. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders.
  • 833
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotics in LiveStock in China
The demand for animal protein has increased considerably worldwide, especially in China, where large numbers of livestock and poultry are produced. Antibiotics have been widely applied to promote growth and prevent diseases. However, the overuse of antibiotics in animal feed has caused serious environmental and health risks, especially the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which seriously affects animal and human health, food safety, ecosystems, and the sustainable future development of animal protein production.
  • 832
  • 18 May 2021
Topic Review
Servaline Genet
The Servaline Genet (Genetta servalina) is a sleek and agile carnivore found in sub-Saharan Africa, known for its slender body, long tail, and distinctive coat pattern of spots and stripes. Despite its resemblance to a small cat, the Servaline Genet is a member of the Viverridae family, exhibiting a unique blend of feline and mongoose-like characteristics. Typically nocturnal and solitary, these elusive creatures are adept climbers and hunters, preying on a variety of small vertebrates and insects in their forested habitats.
  • 831
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Nutraceutical Plant Products on Rabbit Production and Health
Plant/botanical products are natural and vital substances widely used as dietary additives in livestock farms. They contain phytobiotics, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, which play a multitude of roles in a rabbit’s body. The nutritional and medicinal properties of these substances mainly influence animal performance by improving digestion and enhancing immunity/health. Additionally, several botanical products, including herbs, are considered phytogenic feed additives for livestock to improve growth performance and health status.
  • 829
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
S. Enteritidis on Chicken Eggshells
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a pathogen that poses a health risk. Shell eggs have been reported as one of the principal vehicles for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. The cuticle on eggshells (the organic layer of freshly laid egg) is damaged during extended storage of the egg, leading to the penetration of pathogens attached to the eggshell surface and in the surrounding environment. Therefore, effective disinfection on eggshells is urgently required to maintain good quality egg products by preventing bacterial contaminants from entering eggs.
  • 828
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many tumors eventually become resistant to hormones, chemotherapy, and radiation by avoiding apoptosis.
  • 826
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Vegan Egg
Vegan eggs are designed with the aim to provide a healthier and more sustainable alternative to regular eggs. Vegan eggs are made using different types of plant-based ingredients (e.g., proteins, polysaccharide hydrocolloids, or emulsifiers), alone or combined, to replace regular eggs in food products. 
  • 826
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Archaea in Pigs
Archaea is identified as the key link in the interaction between gut microbiota and host metabo-lism. Studies on human and mice have reported archaea, especially methanogenic archaea, makes an important impact on the energy harvesting capacity of the host by improving fermentation. But, in pigs, the metabolic potential of archaea at different production stages are still largely unknown.
  • 824
  • 16 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Inflammatory Reflex in Ectotherms
Animals have developed numerous adaptation strategies to survive in changing environmental conditions. This adaptive process allows them to generate physiological and behavioural responses upon exposure to natural factors such as temperature.
  • 824
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Biomarkers of Pigs' Emotional Valence
It is widely recognized that the assessment of animal welfare should include measures of positive emotional (affective) state. Existing behavioral and physiological indicators of a positive affective state frequently lack sensitivity, objectivity or are unsuitable in a production environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop new approaches to accurately and objectively measure a positive emotional state in animals, including novel molecular markers such a miRNA. These biomarkers must be measurable in the peripheral circulation and provide an accurate account of the physiological and molecular activity in regions of the brain associated with emotional processing. Further, such markers require validation against established behavioral and physiological indices. Here we investigated the efficacy of circulating miRNA as biomarkers of emotional state in the pig.
  • 823
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Boar Sperm Proteins
Artificial insemination with extended liquid boar semen is widely used in the swine industry. The identification of the relationship between boar sperm characteristics and fertility could be of substantial importance to reproduction management.
  • 821
  • 08 Jul 2021
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