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Topic Review
A Smarter Health through Internet of Surgical Things
To systematically study the technological advances in a particular sector, attributed to the utilization of the Internet, the term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was introduced. The present systematic review, aims to present and analyze the modern applications of the IoT within the surgical world. While not strictly defined, IoT describes a network of Internet-based connected things equipped with (embedded) sensing and actuating devices, with data production, processing, and consumption abilities. The utilization of the Internet and IoT in medical practice can take many shapes and forms. Ranging from the awe-inspiring telesurgical procedures to complex AI machine learning applications that aid in medical decision making , to a simple email containing a preoperative CT scan, the Internet of Surgical Things (IoST) is here to stay. 
  • 2.0K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Sustainability in Brazil’s Beef Industry
Since the dawn of Brazilian trade, extensive cattle farming has predominated. Brazil’s extensive pasture-based system uses pasture plants adapted to climate and soil conditions with limited use of purchased inputs. Domestic and international stakeholders have prioritized sustainable agricultural development in Brazil’s beef sector to reduce deforestation and other natural-habitat conversions.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cycling Education in Europe
Owing to the active promotion of environmentally friendly lifestyles in several European nations, the bicycle is progressively emerging as a predominant mode of transportation on the roadways. This phenomenon can be attributed to a plethora of factors. Numerous cities are gradually prioritizing the development of sustainable transportation systems, which includes restricting car access to central areas. Moreover, there is a growing ecological awareness among individuals who are averse to contributing to urban pollution with vehicle emissions. Additionally, the bicycle offers a means of travel that enables users to maintain and enhance their physical health and overall well-being.
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nephronectin
Nephronectin (NPNT) was originally identified as an ECM protein by two independent research groups in 2001. Brandenberger et al. reported NPNT to be involved in the embryonic development of the kidney, hence the name nephronectin (nephron: unit within the kidney; nectin: cellular adhesion proteins). Morimura and colleagues discovered the same protein to be associated with osteoblast differentiation, and named it preosteoblast epidermal growth factor-like repeat protein with meprin, A5 protein and receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase µ domain (POEM).
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
A Labile Metallo-Porphyrin as Tool to Control J-Aggregates Chiroptical Properties
The zinc(II) metal derivative of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4) is quite labile and readily demetallates under acidic conditions, affording the parent diacid porphyrin in a monomeric form. The rate of this process is first order on [ZnTPPS4] and second order on [H+], allowing a precise control of the monomer release in solution. Under high ionic strength, this latter species is able to self-assemble into J-aggregates, whose kinetics of growth are largely modulated by pH. The aggregation kinetics have been treated according to a well-established model, in which the formation of an initial nucleus is the rate determining step preceding the autocatalytic growth of the whole assembly. The extinction spectra of the aggregates suggest the occurrence of a dipolar coupling mechanism very similar to that operating in metal nanoparticles. Spontaneous symmetry breaking takes place in these aggregates as evidenced by unusual circular dichroism spectra. The intensity and sign of the effect is controlled by the aggregation rate and therefore can be tuned through a proper choice of initial conditions.
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Jul 2020
Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Jasmonic Acid
The main representatives of jasmonate compounds include jasmonic acid and its derivatives, mainly methyl jasmonate. Extracts from plants rich in jasmonic compounds show a broad spectrum of activity, i.e., anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and cosmetic. Studies of the biological activity of jasmonic acid and its derivatives in mammals are based on their structural similarity to prostaglandins and the compounds can be used as natural therapeutics for inflammation. Jasmonates also constitute a potential group of anti-cancer drugs that can be used alone or in combination with other known chemotherapeutic agents.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Ontological Addiction
Ontological Addiction theory (OAT) presently construed as “the maladaptive condition whereby an individual is addicted to the belief that they inherently exist” risks being caught in a performative contradiction. This is related to an implicit transcendental reductionist assumption operative in its conception. Any assimulation and application of skillful means to mental health within a western context will also seek to integrate the insights of the Western Enlightenment and the value of the individual. Critically this entails a developmental appreciation of the problematic perception of egoic individualism as distinct from the conception of an individuating ‘whole person’, with ontological import. Thus OAT could positively be supplemented, reconstructed and reconceived as Ontological Affirmation Theory. 
  • 2.0K
  • 26 Feb 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Media
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the usage of social media by the world's general population, celebrities, world leaders, and professionals. Social networking services have been used to spread information, and to find humour and distraction from the pandemic via Internet memes. Social media has seen a sharp increase in use during the pandemic, largely due to social distancing measures encouraged by many governments. Since many people are asked to remain home, they have turned to social media to maintain their relationships and to access entertainment to pass the time. Moreover, social distancing has forced lifestyle changes for many people, which can put a strain on mental health. Therefore, many online counselling services that use social media have surfaced and begun to rise in popularity, connecting mental health workers with those who need them.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics
Recent tests measured an irrotational (curl-free) magnetic vector potential (A) that is contrary to classical electrodynamics (CED). A (irrotational) arises in extended electrodynamics (EED) that is derivable from the Stueckelberg Lagrangian. A (irrotational) implies an irrotational (gradient-driven) electrical current density, J. Consequently, EED is gauge-free and provably unique. EED predicts a scalar field that equals the quantity usually set to zero as the Lorenz gauge, making A and the scalar potential (F) independent and physically-measureable fields. EED predicts a scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) that has an electric field along the direction of propagation together with the scalar field, carrying both energy and momentum. EED also predicts the scalar wave (SW) that carries energy without momentum.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 May 2021
Topic Review
Bluetongue Disease
Bluetongue disease is a noncontagious, insect-borne, viral disease of ruminants, mainly sheep and less frequently cattle, yaks, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. It is caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV). The virus is transmitted by the midges Culicoides imicola, Culicoides variipennis, and other culicoids.
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Capture and Storage
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a developed technology to minimize CO2 emissions and reduce global climate change. Currently, shale gas formations are considered as a suitable target for CO2 sequestration projects predominantly due to their wide availability. However, the injected CO2 causes possible geochemical interactions with the shale formation during storage applications. The CO2/shale interaction is a key factor for the efficiency of CCS in shales, as it can significantly alter the shale properties. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the CO2/shale interactions and describes the results achieved to date, to gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of CO2/shale interaction on shale properties. With this evolving technology, further studies are needed to include various shale formations and identify how different shales’ mineralogy could affect the CO2 storage capacity in the long-term.
  • 2.0K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Geopolymer Technology: Possible "Cement-Matrix" Sosbtitution
Geopolymer technology (GCs) refer to a class of alumino-silicate cementitious materials resulting from an inorganic polycondensation reaction (named “geopolymerization”) between solid alumino-silicate precursors and highly concentrated aqueous alkali hydroxide or silicate solution such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), or potassium silicate (K2SiO3).
  • 2.0K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cell Transdifferentiation and Reprogramming
Cell transdifferentiation and reprogramming refers to a group of approaches that allow researchers to halt/reverse the development of adult cells, or convert them one from one cell type to another. The manipulation of cell fate can be achieved by enrolling exogenous/artificial controls. The chemical/small molecule and regulatory components of transcription machinery serve as potential tools to execute cell transdifferentiation and have thereby uncovered new avenues for disease modeling and drug discovery. At the advanced stage, one can believe these methods can pave the way to develop efficient and sensitive gene therapy and regenerative medicine approaches.
  • 2.0K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Refuse Derived Fuel
One viable and robust form of waste-to-energy from municipal solid waste is refuse derived fuel (RDF). Generally, RDF refers to the segregated high calorific fractions of waste from MSW: household, commercial, or industrial process wastes. RDF from municipal solid waste particularly is sorted portions, which consist of combustible components such as waste plastics, paper, cardboard, textiles, and wood.
  • 2.0K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biofilm
A biofilm is a community of microorganisms, especially bacteria, that maintains an organized and structured strategy for growing and proliferating on any surface for their survival. The organization of the cells among the bacteria in the biofilm has primarily been revealed by examining single species. The survival of the bacteria present in the biofilm is feasible because of their orientation in the form of microcolonies, which are encapsulated in the extracellular polymeric substance of the matrix. These are separated by open water channels that serve as the primordial circulatory system for the transportation of nutrients and the disposal of metabolic waste products. All the specific bacteria maintain a microenvironment controlling the pH, nutrient availability, and temperature, which influence the biofilm growth. Biofilm maturation is a multi-stage developmental process with distinct characteristics that should be taken into account when developing antibiotic treatment regimens for biofilms. Biofilms have been extensively accepted as one of the main causes responsible for human diseases.
  • 2.0K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Caregiver Stress
Caregiver syndrome or caregiver stress is a condition that strongly manifests exhaustion, anger, rage, or guilt resulting from unrelieved caring for a chronically ill patient. This condition is not listed in the United States' Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, although the term is often used by many healthcare professionals in that country. The equivalent used in many other countries, the ICD-11, does include the condition. Over 1 in 5 Americans are providing care to those who are ill, aged, and/or disabled. Over 13 million caregivers provide care for their own children as well. Caregiver syndrome is acute when caring for an individual with behavioral difficulties, such as: fecal incontinence, memory issues, sleep problems, wandering, impulse control problems , executive dysfunction, and/or aggression. Typical symptoms of the caregiver syndrome include fatigue, insomnia and stomach complaints with the most common symptom being depression.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Melatonin Usage and Considerations
Exogenous melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia, other sleep problems, and numerous medical illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, and mild cognitive impairment in adults and children. There is evolving information regarding issues with the use of chronic melatonin.
  • 2.0K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Aerogel Compounds
Aerogels have started to be considered as “advanced materials”; therefore, as a general consideration, aerogels’ toxicity testing should focus on their functionality which resides in their nanoscale open internal porosity. 
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus subtilis Group
The Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) group is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacteria with a remarkable adaptability potential that enables it to survive in highly diverse environments. 
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bioplastic of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal-Fibers as Biopackaging Alternatives
This is an overview of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method's impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, the researchers searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Mar 2022
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